Coronary heart disease, full name of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, is caused by abnormal coronary artery vessels. The coronary artery is the main blood vessel that provides various nutrients to the heart. Once the coronary artery is blocked or narrowed, it can cause a series of symptoms such as chest tightness, shortness of breath, precordial pain, palpitations, and even sudden death.
The most effective method for the treatment of coronary heart disease in clinical practice is to perform "stent implantation surgery". Its principle is to permanently place the coronary artery stent at the lesion site of the coronary artery, and release it through balloon dilation to support the vascular wall and maintain the opening and closing of the coronary artery lumen. This can effectively prevent acute coronary artery occlusion, increase myocardial blood supply, and greatly reduce the mortality rate of myocardial infarction.
After undergoing coronary artery stent surgery, it does not necessarily mean that the patient has recovered, as this type of drug-eluting stent is not omnipotent. About 28-56 days after surgery, the endothelial cells of blood vessels in the human body will undergo repair, completely integrating the coronary stent with the body's own endothelial cells. So generally, after surgery, there is unlikely to be displacement or detachment of the stent. However, as the stent is an external implant structure, it is not ruled out that there may be thrombosis blockage during body repair, causing the stent to narrow again. So it is necessary to monitor the patient's condition at all times after surgery, strengthen nursing, and maintain the normal operation of the coronary stent.
The prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease is often a lengthy and complex process. So it is necessary to have regular check ups after surgery and monitor the physical condition at any time. The re examination contents that have been sung include: blood pressure, heart rate examination, blood routine, blood glucose, blood lipids, platelet aggregation test, creatine kinase, thromboelastography, liver and kidney function, C-reactive protein, fecal routine occult blood, and heart function examination. Generally speaking, it is best to have a check-up 4-8 weeks after surgery, and the doctor will adjust the medication according to different situations each time. Another important point is that patients should undergo regular coronary angiography from September to twelve months after surgery to observe the condition of the stent in the body at any time. At the same time, it is also possible to check whether there are any changes in cardiovascular arteriosclerosis compared to before, which is more conducive to subsequent treatment after comparison.
During the hospitalization period after surgery, nursing staff should always pay attention to the patient's medication situation and instruct the patient to take medication on time according to the doctor's advice. The commonly used drugs after surgery are divided into the following categories: 1. Statins. Statins generally include atorvastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, and so on. These statins can not only lower blood lipids, but also protect the function of vascular endothelium and prevent inflammation. If coronary artery stenosis plaques appear, statin drugs can be used for prevention and repair. Coronary artery stenosis plaques are one of the main causes of myocardial infarction, so attention must be paid. Therefore, in the absence of any contraindications, it is recommended that patients take statins for long-term control.
2. Antiplatelet drugs. After stent surgery, combination therapy is generally required, such as aspirin, clopidogrel, or ticagrelor, to reduce the risk of thrombosis in the stent. Aspirin can be used for life and has a good preventive effect on platelet aggregation. Clopidogrel is recommended to be taken consistently for one year or longer after surgery. However, specific medication should still be taken under the doctor's advice. When patients take medication, unless there are special circumstances, it is not allowed to change the dosage of medication at will. If there is black stool, hemoptysis, or gastrointestinal bleeding after taking medication, the medication should be stopped immediately and patients should seek medical attention.
3. Nitrate ester drugs. If patients experience angina after surgery, they can take nitrate drugs under the guidance of a doctor to relieve it. It can effectively dilate blood vessels and reduce myocardial ischemia.
At the same time, patients should regularly measure their blood pressure shortly after surgery and seek medical attention promptly if there are any abnormalities. Patients with diabetes before should strengthen nursing, because diabetes can cause organic diseases of blood vessels and organs, such as coronary artery atherosclerosis.
After surgery, nursing staff should advise patients to maintain a good mentality, not to worry about having an extra stent in their body, and to trust doctors and science. In the early stage after discharge, it is important to pay attention to rest and undergo regular check ups. During the rehabilitation period, simple aerobic exercises can be performed to prevent myocardial hypoxia. If there is any discomfort, seek medical attention promptly to avoid accidents.