Bacterial resistance has become a major challenge in the global public health field. To resist antibiotic resistance, the world is taking action! The World Health Organization has released a report stating that antibiotic resistance has posed a serious threat to human health, and the third week of November each year is designated as "World Antibiotic Awareness Week" by the World Health Organization. Currently, it is very necessary to prevent the abuse of antibiotics, reduce the occurrence of bacterial resistance, and help the public establish the concept of scientific and rational drug use. Antibiotics are an important component of antibiotics and are used to treat various infections. Therefore, many people regard antibiotics as a panacea and like to use them to treat both serious and minor illnesses. In fact, overuse of antibiotics can cause many side effects, so I should be familiar with some popular science knowledge related to antibiotics?
1、 What are antibiotics?
Antibiotics refer to substances that are secondary metabolites of certain microorganisms such as bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi, and have bactericidal or inhibitory effects on various pathogenic microorganisms at low concentrations. Some antibiotics also have anti-tumor activity and are used for chemotherapy of tumors. Broadly speaking, antibiotics also include semi synthetic products that have undergone structural modifications based on natural antibiotics.
1. Antibiotics are drugs used to treat various uncomfortable symptoms such as inflammation and fever caused by bacterial infections.
Antibiotics are drugs used to kill bacteria.
3. However, antibiotics are not omnipotent. They are a three part poison, and antibiotics cannot resist viruses. Using the appropriate antibiotics at the right time can better protect one's own health.
2、 Misunderstandings in the use of antibiotics?
1. Antibiotics=anti-inflammatory drugs
Many inflammations are not caused by bacterial infections, and antibiotics are ineffective. For example, rheumatoid arthritis, allergic rhinitis, etc.
The commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs in clinical practice include steroidal and nonsteroidal drugs. Steroids are mainly glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone, prednisone, methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone, etc. There are many types of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including aspirin, sulfasalazine, acetaminophen, indomethacin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, meloxicam, and so on. These drugs generally have multiple functions such as antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic. From this, it can be seen that antibiotics are not anti-inflammatory drugs and cannot be used casually for anti-inflammatory purposes.
2. Antibiotics prevent infections
Antibiotics only target microorganisms that cause inflammation and have no preventive effect on infections (except for special diseases and perioperative periods). On the contrary, long-term use of antibiotics can actually lead to bacterial resistance.
3. Use antibiotics for fever
Fever is not necessarily caused by bacterial infection, so antibiotics are not always necessary. For example, autoimmune diseases, tumor fever, allergic fever, medication fever, etc.
4. Broad spectrum antibiotics are superior to narrow spectrum antibiotics
Principles of antibiotic use: narrow spectrum antibiotics should not be used, low-level antibiotics should not be used, and combination antibiotics should not be used if a single antibiotic can solve the problem.
5. Use antibiotics for colds
About 90% of colds are caused by viruses, and antibiotics are ineffective; Even if it is caused by bacteria, it still needs to be checked and appropriate antibiotics should be used.
6. Frequent replacement of antibiotics
It takes a certain amount of time for drugs to take effect. Generally, antibiotics are evaluated for anti infective treatment after 72 hours of use, and if there are indications based on the evaluation results, antibiotics should be replaced.
3、 Why do antibiotics fail?
On the first use, antibiotics can kill bacteria, but some bacteria with strong resistance survive by chance, while the rest are "strong" bacteria.
2. When used again, the effectiveness of antibiotics will become worse and the bacteria will become stronger.
Until the end, most antibiotics became ineffective and the disease became difficult to cure!
4、 The harm of overuse of antibiotics
1. Damage to human organs: Antibiotics not only kill bacteria, but also cause damage to the human body, affecting liver and kidney function, and causing gastrointestinal reactions.
2. Impact on hearing: Some antibiotics can cause hearing loss, especially in preschool children, when used in large quantities for a long time.
3. Chronic suicide: Long term irrational use of antibiotics, bacteria develop resistance, and there is no cure, equivalent to chronic suicide.
5、 What should we do?
1. Consult medical staff: Use antibiotics reasonably.
2. Love hygiene: Wash hands frequently to avoid bacterial infections.
3. Exercise more: Strengthen the body and enhance resistance.
6、 What shouldn't we do?
1. Do not buy medicine casually.
2. Do not choose medication on your own.
3. Do not take medication indiscriminately.
4. Do not stop taking medication casually.