According to epidemiological principles, uterine fibroids, also known as uterine fibroids, are benign cysts that appear in the female reproductive organs. They are related to genetic factors, sex hormone levels, and liver cell dysfunction. This disease is common in some girls of childbearing age. If they have excessive secretion of sex hormones in their bodies, they are likely to develop uterine fibroids. In addition, patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, obese women, and those who are too young at menarche are also prone to developing uterine fibroids. This disease can cause irregular menstrual periods, increased blood volume, or lower abdominal bloating in patients. Sometimes, this disease may also lead to complications such as frequent urination or constipation. Therefore, we need to pay attention to the occurrence of uterine fibroids and take good care of them. Proper nursing measures can help alleviate the condition.
1、 Overview of Uterine Fibroids
Uterine fibroids are a common female disease that is more common in women aged 30-40. When the condition is severe, the following symptoms may appear: 1. The most common manifestation of this disease is abnormal menstruation, increased menstrual flow, and prolonged menstruation. 2. Increased vaginal discharge. After a patient develops uterine fibroids, it can lead to an increase in the area of the uterine cavity and more vaginal discharge than usual. If infection occurs, the vaginal discharge will appear purulent. 3. Symptoms of compression: Uterine fibroids in the lower anterior wall can compress the bladder and cause frequent urination. 4. A noticeable lump can be felt in the lower abdomen, and this feeling is even more pronounced in patients with bladder swelling. 5. Other symptoms may include abdominal bloating, lower back pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever, as well as noticeable pain in the lower abdomen.
2、 How to care for uterine fibroids
(1) Psychological care
In clinical practice, if you suffer from this disease, you can choose to undergo uterine fibroid resection surgery according to your own physical condition, in order to achieve complete treatment. However, in real life, many people have insufficient knowledge about uterine fibroid resection surgery, which can lead to fear and anxiety. They cannot treat this surgery with a calm attitude and always have doubts about the effectiveness of the surgery. To solve this situation, nursing staff need to provide more care to patients, while also communicating and exchanging information with them in a timely manner, so that they can understand the relevant knowledge of this disease, as well as successful cases of recovery after surgery, gradually eliminate their concerns, and thus enhance their confidence in surgical treatment. In addition, nursing staff should also inform them that this is a benign fibroid that will not cause much harm to the body, so patients only need to cooperate well with the doctor's treatment guidance, thereby reducing their psychological pressure and enabling them to face surgery with a good mentality.
（2） Routine care
1. Before performing resection surgery, it is necessary to pay more attention to the patient's daily diet. Patients should eat more light foods and try to choose foods that are high in nutrients and easy to digest. On the one hand, it is to prevent patients from experiencing gastrointestinal problems before surgery. On the other hand, it can increase energy storage, making postoperative recovery smoother. Before the surgery, nursing staff should take good care of the skin and strictly clean and disinfect the patient's external genitalia according to relevant requirements. In addition, they should also pay attention to disinfecting the skin that comes into contact with the surgery. Before surgery, it is necessary to check the equipment to ensure the sterile state of the operating room. During the surgery, it is necessary to observe the changes in the patient's physical signs. If the patient experiences abnormal reactions such as blood pressure and heart rate during the surgery, it is necessary to immediately remind the doctor and cooperate with the treatment in order to solve these problems early. After the surgery is completed, nursing staff need to inform the patient of the surgical situation as soon as the anesthesia symptoms disappear. During the patient's recovery period, nursing staff also need to assist them in bed turning activities and encourage them to get out of bed and move around as early as possible based on their physical condition, so that their body can recover faster.
（3） Incision care
Patients should be informed before surgery about the impact of the surgical incision, such as when the pain caused by the incision will disappear, the degree of pain, and the reasons for the pain, in order to prevent postoperative incision pain from causing fear and increasing their psychological burden. Before surgery, in order to avoid infection during the operation, it is necessary to disinfect the incision skin. After surgery, it is necessary to inform the patient in advance of the cause of the pain to avoid them taking excessive painkillers. Three days after the surgery, the incision needs to be re dressing. Close attention should be paid to the changes in the patient's incision. If there are obvious pain or excessive bleeding at the incision site during this period, nursing staff should immediately inform the doctor of this situation. In terms of postoperative care of the incision, patients should be encouraged to maintain personal hygiene and pay attention to keeping the incision dry and clean.
（4） Discharge guidance
Before patients leave the hospital, caregivers should remind them of some precautions. If there are abnormal secretions, wound suppuration, recurrent fever, or a significant increase in vaginal bleeding, they should immediately rush to the hospital for treatment. In addition, it is necessary to tell them not to engage in strenuous exercise and excessive physical activity within one month after the surgery, and to rest as much as possible. In addition, there may be slight vaginal bleeding within one month after surgery. To prevent vaginal or wound infections from causing diseases, patients should be reminded to take good hygiene care, avoid sexual activity within two months after surgery, do not use excessive cleaning agents to clean the vagina, and avoid vaginal lavage. They should also take medication on time and undergo regular check ups.
（5） Health education
Fibroids are small in size and can be treated with medication. When patients undergo medication treatment, they need to maintain a firm determination to treat because this disease requires a long course of treatment and takes effect slowly. Therefore, taking medication every other day, occasionally stopping medication, and not adhering to the doctor's requirements are all common situations that may occur during medication treatment, making it difficult for the medication to produce the desired effect, and patients may also experience long-term treatment problems. So patients should be instructed to adhere to medication, undergo regular check ups, and follow medical advice during the recovery period until their condition is cured before stopping medication. In addition, patients should take scientific contraceptive measures and avoid using oral contraceptives during the treatment process to prevent medication conflicts or hormonal changes that may cause fibroid enlargement.