Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women, which seriously threatens women's health. In recent years, the incidence rate of breast cancer has gradually increased, causing widespread concern in society. Today, let's take you to learn about the cause, symptoms, diagnosis and prevention of breast cancer.
1、 Etiology of breast cancer
The etiology of breast cancer is not completely clear. Research shows that breast cancer may be related to the following factors:
1. Family history: women with a family history of breast cancer have a higher risk of disease.
2. Reproductive factors: early menarche, late menopause, unmarried, childless, low number of births and other fertility factors may affect the risk of breast cancer.
3. History of breast disease: Women with benign breast diseases (such as fibroadenoma, cystic breast hyperplasia, etc.) have a relatively higher risk of developing the disease.
4. Endocrine factors: long-term hormone replacement therapy, obesity, diabetes and other endocrine disorders may increase the risk of breast cancer.
5. Environmental factors: long-term exposure to harmful substances (such as asbestos, radiation, etc.) may increase the risk of breast cancer.
6. Genetic susceptibility genes: women carrying breast cancer related genetic susceptibility genes (such as BRCA1, BRCA2, etc.) have a higher risk of disease.
2、 Symptoms of breast cancer
The clinical manifestations of breast cancer vary from individual to individual. Common symptoms include:
1. Breast lumps: painless, single, hard, irregular margin breast lumps are typical of breast cancer.
2. Skin changes: Abnormal manifestations such as sagging, orange peel like changes, redness, swelling, and ulceration appear on the breast skin.
3. Nipple discharge: Bloody, serous, or watery discharge from the nipple.
4. Nipple and areola changes: nipple depression, areola enlargement, darkening color, etc.
5. Enlarged axillary lymph nodes: Enlarged axillary lymph nodes, hard texture, poor mobility, etc.
3、 Diagnosis of breast cancer
1. Clinical examination: the doctor palpates the patient's breast to check whether there are abnormalities in the breast and axillary lymph nodes.
2. Imaging examinations: Breast ultrasound, mammography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other examinations can help detect breast abnormalities.
3. Pathological examination: Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) or surgical biopsy to obtain tissue pathological specimens and confirm the diagnosis.
4、 Prevention and screening of breast cancer
1. Establish a healthy lifestyle. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is the key to preventing breast cancer. Reasonable diet, avoiding excessive intake of high fat and high calorie foods, and increasing intake of vegetables, fruits and other cellulose rich foods will help reduce the risk of breast cancer. In addition, regular work and rest, sufficient sleep, and proper exercise all help to strengthen the body's immunity and reduce the incidence of breast cancer.
2. Breast self-examination. Breast self-examination is an effective method for early detection of breast cancer. Women should regularly undergo breast self-examination, paying attention to changes in breast size, shape, skin, nipples, etc. Once abnormalities are detected, seek medical attention promptly. Mastering the correct breast self-examination method and improving the accuracy of self-examination are helpful to early detection of breast cancer.
3. breast cancer screening. For high-risk groups, such as family history and carriers of genetic susceptibility genes, breast cancer screening should be carried out regularly. Breast cancer screening mainly includes breast ultrasound, mammography and other examinations. These examination methods are helpful to find early breast cancer and improve the cure rate.
4. Pay attention to genetic counseling. Women who carry breast cancer related genetic susceptibility genes (such as BRCA1, BRCA2, etc.) are at higher risk. Therefore, women with a family history should seek genetic counseling to understand their genetic risks. For high-risk population, in addition to regular screening for breast cancer, gene testing can also be considered to assess genetic risk more accurately.
5. Actively participate in breast cancer prevention publicity and education activities. Understanding the knowledge of breast cancer prevention and screening is essential to reduce the risk of breast cancer. Actively participating in breast cancer prevention and control publicity and education activities, improving the awareness of breast cancer prevention, will help early detection of breast cancer and improve the cure rate.