Neurointerventional surgery is an advanced treatment technology used to treat brain tumors and intracranial vascular diseases in modern clinical practice. It is very different from conventional craniotomy. It has the advantages of minimally invasive, less pain, fast postoperative recovery, low surgical risk, and convenient operation, and is favored by modern clinical practice. Although there are many advantages to neurointerventional surgery, if postoperative care is not taken seriously, it is highly likely to cause unnecessary complications and affect disease outcomes. So, for patients who have undergone nerve intervention surgery, we should pay attention to the following nursing points.
1. Interventional therapy nursing for cerebral arteriovenous malformation embolism
Patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformation confirmed to have epilepsy symptoms before surgery must continue to use antiepileptic drugs according to medical advice after nerve intervention surgery; Pay attention to monitoring blood pressure 24-48 hours after surgery to stabilize hemodynamics, and dynamically adjust the application time and dosage of blood pressure control drugs according to changes in the patient's blood pressure level.
2. Embolization intervention therapy nursing for subarachnoid hemorrhage
Focus on monitoring patients' blood pressure, pulse, oxygen saturation, heart rate, etc., maintaining stable vital signs, and avoiding adverse events caused by low or high levels; After surgery, carefully evaluate the patient's limb movement function, pupil changes, consciousness status, language function recovery, etc., and be alert to hydrocephalus, ischemic necrosis, and cerebral hemorrhage. After surgery, anti vasospasm treatment is usually performed, with continuous intravenous infusion of Nimotop at a rate of about 3-5ml per hour. If the patient's weight exceeds 70kg, the dosage can be increased to 10ml/h. Patients with high blood pressure levels can increase medication appropriately to control blood pressure, but must follow medical advice. The drainage of the lateral ventricle and lumbar cistern aims to promote the drainage of bloody cerebrospinal fluid, and it is necessary to maintain the height difference between the lateral ventricle, lumbar cistern, and the drainage end.
3. Placement of carotid artery stenosis stent
Postoperative antiplatelet treatment, use low molecular weight heparin according to medical advice; Blood pressure drop, heart rate below 50 beats per minute, embolism detachment leading to recurrent cerebral infarction, vascular spasm, etc. are the most common postoperative complications that require high attention. If relevant symptoms are found in patients, they must immediately contact clinical doctors for timely symptomatic treatment.
4. Intervention for spinal cord vascular disease
During the postoperative catheterization period, dynamic observation and recording must be done well; After surgery, according to the doctor's instructions, administer anticoagulant or steroid drugs to the patient; Proactively care for the patient after surgery, inquire about their physical sensations and daily activities, and immediately contact a clinical physician if they feel a change in their body level.
5. Carotid cavernous sinus fistula embolization intervention treatment
After surgery, the patient's head should be properly fixed and instructed not to rotate the head arbitrarily to avoid vomiting and nausea; After surgery, absolutely rest in bed for 1-2 days to prevent balloon rupture or displacement. For patients with postoperative symptoms of protruding eyes, apply eye ointment or eye drops according to medical advice. Use eye ointment at night and eye drops during the day. Cover the affected side with an oil gauze to protect the cornea from unnecessary damage. After surgery, painkillers or sedatives should be used according to the patient's needs. If the patient complains of restlessness or pain, contact the on duty doctor in a timely manner to prevent headache symptoms caused by balloon rupture or displacement.
6. Other nursing points
Pay attention to cold prevention and warmth, and if the patient's cooperation is poor, appropriate protective restraint can be applied; Keep the limb on one side of the puncture in a straight state and maintain it for 24 hours; apply pressure and bandage the puncture site, carefully observe whether there is redness, swelling, or bleeding in the area, and be cautious of hematoma formation. Patients who have regained consciousness after surgery are encouraged to drink small amounts of water multiple times to promote the excretion of contrast agents; Patients under general anesthesia should be provided with light liquid food 6 hours after surgery and advised to drink plenty of water. Puncture one side of the limb and monitor the dorsalis pedis artery every half hour to prevent limb ischemia caused by femoral artery spasm or hematoma compression.
Neurointerventional surgery has a wide range of indications, and the postoperative nursing focus for different diseases such as brain tumors and intracranial vascular lesions varies. In clinical nursing work, patients should be assisted in various aspects of nursing according to their needs and medical advice, in order to promote their early recovery.