Almost every minute, one person in China dies from sudden cardiac death, which can be caused by drowning, poisoning, and other factors. Generally, there is a 50% chance of successful rescue within less than 4 minutes, while the success rate is less than 1% after more than 8 minutes. Therefore, if a patient receives assistance within four minutes, it is highly likely to save a life. Therefore, it is particularly important for the public to master the treatment methods of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency rescue technique used to fully or partially restore the circulation, respiration, and brain function of patients with sudden cardiac or respiratory arrest, including chest compressions and artificial respiration. Next, let's take a look at the specific operation method.
Assessment and Call for Help
1. Environmental Assessment: Conduct a patrol around to determine if the surrounding environment is safe and prevent secondary injuries. When conditions permit, surrounding people can form a large circle to ensure the safety of the treatment environment.
2. Patient assessment: Gently tap the patient's shoulder and call for help in both ears, shouting loudly "Hey, what's wrong with you?" The injured or sick person has no movement or response, and judge whether the patient's consciousness still exists based on the patient's response.
3. When the patient has no response, if there are enthusiastic people around, we can ask them to help call the emergency number 120. In addition, we can also seek help from the public to get a nearby defibrillator.
4. By observing chest undulations and listening to nasal breaths, quickly determine the average number of breaths. Place the middle and index fingers next to the middle of the trachea and open two finger indentations to determine if there is still carotid pulse and estimate the number of pulses.
Chest compressions
1. Place the patient in a supine position on a flat hard floor or hard bed. Fully expose the patient's chest, and if there are too many chest clothes, they can be pulled apart appropriately.
2. Kneel and stand on the patient's side, with knees apart and facing the patient.
3. The location for chest compressions is at the junction of the middle and lower one-third of the sternum, which is the midpoint of the line connecting the two nipples in male patients; Press the left palm tightly against the patient's chest, overlap the hands, raise the five fingers of the left hand, and straighten the arms; Press firmly 30 times at a speed of 100-120 times per minute, with a depth of at least 5-6 centimeters. During the compression process, the base of the palm should not leave the chest wall to avoid causing fluctuations in the compression position and resulting in rib fractures. The ratio of chest compressions to artificial respiration is 30:2.
Artificial respiration
1. Check for foreign objects in the mouth to prevent obstruction of the trachea. If there are foreign objects, they need to be cleaned. If the patient has dentures, they need to be removed.
2. Open the airway: Use the method of lifting the head and chin or lifting the head and neck to open the airway. Press your forehead with your left hand and lift your chin with your right hand.
3. Artificial respiration: While opening the airway, pinch the patient's nose and cover the rescuer's mouth to prevent air leakage. When the blowing is successful, the chest can be observed to have undulations. After blowing, release your nose and repeat blowing again. Observe whether the trachea of the rescued person is unobstructed, open the airway for mouth to mouth artificial respiration, and during artificial respiration, be sure to observe whether the chest of the rescued person is blown up.
Recovery assessment
Repeat chest compressions and artificial respiration in a ratio of 30:2 until medical staff arrive. 30 chest compressions and 2 artificial breaths form one cycle, and the patient's breathing and pulse are checked every 5 cycles until medical staff arrive. When feeling tired after a certain period of time, change people in a timely manner. When the patient recovers spontaneous breathing, arterial pulsation, pupil size changes from large to small, complexion and lips turn from cyanosis to rosy, and limbs start twitching, the patient is successfully rescued!
Using an automatic external defibrillator
The cause of most adult sudden non traumatic cardiac arrest is ventricular fibrillation, and defibrillation is the most effective method for treating ventricular fibrillation. AED can automatically recognize defibrillatable heart rhythm. If there is an AED at the rescue site, the rescuer should start CPR with chest compressions and use the AED as soon as possible.
Conclusion
After the introduction of the above methods, I believe everyone has learned a lot. You can also watch online CPR videos and practice repeatedly with the model. If someone around you suddenly experiences cardiac arrest, you can use your own strength to save a life. However, the prerequisite is that you must master it proficiently.