With the improvement of people's living standards, heart disease has become the number one killer that seriously threatens everyone's health and life. In order to raise enough awareness of heart disease, today we will take you to learn about the relevant knowledge of "acute myocardial infarction".
Myocardial infarction is a severe acute coronary heart disease, often caused by blockage of blood vessels in the heart, leading to a lack of blood supply to the heart. The mortality rate of myocardial infarction ranks first among cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China. The time for seeking medical attention after an acute myocardial infarction is very precious, and every minute of delay means that myocardial necrosis is increasing. Once myocardial cells die, they cannot regenerate.
Common triggering factors for myocardial infarction
1. Overwork. Excessive fatigue or physical labor, overactive sympathetic nervous system, and increased myocardial oxygen demand can easily lead to coronary plaque rupture and trigger acute myocardial infarction.
2. Excessive emotional excitement. Emotional changes, extreme excitement of the sympathetic nervous system, and high and fluctuating blood pressure also contribute to the unstable rupture of coronary plaques, leading to acute myocardial infarction.
3. Overeating and binge drinking. After overeating, blood lipid concentration suddenly increases, blood viscosity significantly increases, and platelet aggregation increases; Increased sympathetic nervous system excitability, increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, increased cardiac burden, increased myocardial oxygen consumption, and relatively reduced blood supply.
4. The weather changes too much. Rapid temperature changes can easily lead to changes in blood vessel constriction, elevated blood pressure, and increased heart rate, which can trigger acute myocardial infarction attacks.
5. Constipation. Due to holding your breath and exerting force during constipation, myocardial contraction is enhanced, leading to myocardial ischemia.
6. Smoking. Smoking can induce coronary artery spasm and reduce myocardial blood and oxygen supply; Inducing sympathetic nervous system excitation, increasing blood pressure and heart rate, and increasing myocardial oxygen consumption; Multiple mechanisms, such as plaque rupture and increased platelet aggregation, can trigger the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction.
What are the characteristics of acute myocardial infarction attacks?
1. The typical symptom is chest pain. The chest is dull and painful, feeling like someone has punched me hard in the chest, and the pain gradually intensifies, even making it difficult to breathe. In addition, chest pain is often accompanied by symptoms such as restlessness, sweating profusely, dizziness, nausea, and extreme fear.
2. Pain in other parts of the body. The area of pain is often the chest, usually the size of a palm, but some people may experience discomfort throughout the entire chest, even in the shoulders, left arm, neck, throat, teeth, stomach, and other areas.
3. Long duration. If chest pain and discomfort recur or persist for more than 15 minutes, be highly alert to the onset of acute myocardial infarction.
4. Nitroglycerin is difficult to alleviate. If the symptoms do not improve after taking one tablet of nitroglycerin sublingually for 3-5 minutes, it may be a myocardial infarction.
5. There are often triggering factors: myocardial infarction mostly occurs after intense activity, sudden exertion, emotional excitement, shock, overeating, or sudden catching of a cold.
6. High risk population: Myocardial infarction is more common in middle-aged and elderly people, including males, smokers, drinkers, obese individuals, and those with high levels of cardiovascular disease.
If the above symptoms occur, extra caution should be taken.
How can we prevent it in our daily lives?
1. Pay attention to climate change and keep warm. 2. To develop good living habits, maintain a regular schedule, and go to bed early and wake up early. 3. Do not smoke, drink alcohol, or overeat. 4. Avoid overexertion and exercise appropriately. 5. Elderly people should avoid emotional excitement and maintain smooth bowel movements.
So how to treat acute myocardial infarction attacks?
We need to achieve 1120, which has two meanings: one is to call 120 immediately after an acute myocardial infarction occurs; The golden time for rescuing acute myocardial infarction is 120 minutes. If the process from onset to opening of the infarcted vessel can be completed within 120 minutes, it can greatly reduce mortality and disability rates, and achieve good results. Therefore, it is particularly important to be aware of the disease as soon as it occurs and to be able to handle it promptly and properly.
After a sudden heart attack, people around the patient need to do the following as soon as possible:
1. Immediately call 120, shorten the time it takes for 120 to arrive at the scene, make a preliminary judgment quickly and accurately, and intervene effectively, which can greatly reduce the mortality rate.
2. Let the patient lie flat, strictly prohibit moving, raise their feet slightly, loosen their collar, maintain quietness and good air circulation.
3. Immediately administer 2-3 tablets of nitroglycerin sublingually to the patient, and if possible, immediately administer oxygen. For patients without acute gastrointestinal ulcers, chew 300mg of aspirin. Patients often experience feelings of impending death, anxiety, and irritability, and can take 1-2 tablets of tranquilizers orally.
If the patient suddenly loses consciousness and the carotid artery cannot be palpated, immediate chest compressions and artificial respiration should be performed until emergency personnel arrive at the scene to take over the rescue.
I hope that from today on, we can abandon unhealthy eating habits and bad habits together, have a healthy heart, and enjoy a happy life.