In daily life, people are inevitably troubled by diseases, and some diseases may even require surgical treatment. But surgery is not just about the patient lying on the operating table and sleeping, there are many precautions to be taken during this process. Among them, the surgical position is a relatively important part. Correctly placing the patient's position and taking proper nursing measures are one of the prerequisites to ensure the smooth completion of the surgery. Next, let's talk about the care and precautions for surgical position in the operating room.
1、 Surgical position care
Different surgical methods require patients to maintain different surgical positions, which is beneficial for fully exposing the field of view of the surgical site and allowing doctors to perform the surgery better. In addition, if the surgery takes a long time, incorrect positioning can have a certain adverse effect on the patient's respiratory and circulatory functions, and may also cause some complications due to prolonged compression of the local skin. Therefore, it is very important to take good care of the surgical position and keep the patient in the correct surgical position. Common surgical positions include:
1. supine position
If performing surgery on the head, face, chest, abdomen, and limbs, the patient needs to lie flat on the operating table in a normal resting position, with arms naturally placed on both sides of the body and legs naturally extended, which can ensure the patient's comfort and also expose the surgical site for the convenience of the doctor to perform the surgery.
2. Side lying position
For surgeries on the chest, side waist, hip joints, and other areas. The patient is often in a lateral position, and the nurse should place a soft cushion on the patient's head to keep the cervical spine horizontal. The patient's arms should be placed on a support frame, and the abdomen and back should be fixed with a baffle to maintain the lateral position. The thighs should be kept straight, and a soft pillow should be placed in the middle. The upper leg should be in the front, and the lower leg should be in the back. The lower leg should be naturally bent and staggered, and the patient should be properly fixed with restraint straps to prevent displacement during the surgery.
3. Prone position
For surgeries on the posterior fossa, cervical spine, spine, waist, and other areas, patients need to lie down on the operating table, with their upper limbs placed on either side of their body, or their bent elbows placed on the brackets on both sides of their head. Soft pads should be placed on the patient's lower legs to slightly bend the knee joint backwards and naturally lower the ankle. Soft pads should also be placed on the chest, pubic bone, and other areas to keep the patient's abdomen relaxed. This posture can make patients feel uncomfortable, so attention should be paid to their breathing, circulation, and other functions.
When examination or surgical treatment is required for areas such as the perineum and anus where stones are located, the patient needs to be in a supine position, with legs as wide apart as possible and placed on a leg rest, with arms naturally placed on both sides of the body. Although this position may make the patient feel embarrassed, it can fully expose the field of view of the corresponding areas, which is beneficial for doctors to conduct examinations or surgeries.
2、 Precautions for Placing Surgical Positions
1. When adjusting the surgical position for patients, it is important to note that the adaptability and pressure bearing capacity of different body parts may vary. Therefore, the position should be placed according to human mechanics to ensure patient safety and comfort.
2. The surgical position should fully expose the surgical site for the convenience of the surgeon's operation.
3. The surgical position should maintain the patient's normal breathing, circulation, and other functions, and not compress the patient's peripheral nerves and large blood vessels. Therefore, soft cushions should be placed at the compressed area of the patient to prevent adverse consequences caused by compression.
4. Adjust the patient to the correct surgical position and secure them in place to prevent displacement and injury during the surgery; At the same time, attention should be paid to observing the patient's physical signs to prevent emergency situations.
During the process of adjusting the patient's position, the movements must be gentle and the force must be coordinated to prevent accidents.
A scientific surgical position is one of the prerequisites for ensuring the smooth progress of surgery, and the correct surgical position can also shorten the operation time. Therefore, the nursing team in the operating room will do a good job in nursing the surgical process, avoid unexpected situations that may occur during the surgery, prevent patients from developing related complications, and ensure the safety of surgical patients.