Gestational diabetes refers to a disease of abnormal glucose metabolism that occurs or is diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy. With the improvement of living standards and the change of eating habits, the incidence rate of diabetes in pregnancy is increasing year by year, which has become an important problem affecting the health of pregnant women and fetuses. This article will discuss the specific impact of diabetes in pregnancy on pregnant women and their fetuses in order to raise public awareness of the disease and promote the health management of pregnant women.
1、 Impact of diabetes in pregnancy on pregnant women
Premature delivery
diabetes in pregnancy may lead to a dramatic increase in amniotic fluid in pregnant women. Excessive amniotic fluid will increase the risk of premature rupture of membranes, which will lead to premature delivery. Premature birth not only increases the health risks of newborns, but may also cause psychological stress for pregnant women. In addition, polyhydramnios may also affect the cardiovascular function of pregnant women, leading to symptoms such as difficulty breathing.
Pregnancy Hypertension
Pregnant women with gestational diabetes are more likely to suffer from pregnancy hypertension, and their risk is four to eight times that of normal pregnant women. Pregnancy induced hypertension not only increases the health risks of pregnant women, but may also lead to serious complications such as preeclampsia, endangering the safety of both mother and baby.
Decreased resistance
Pregnant women with diabetes will have decreased immunity and increase the risk of infection. Pregnant women may experience urinary system infections, respiratory tract infections, etc. These infections not only affect the health of pregnant women, but may also have adverse effects on the fetus.
Other complications
diabetes during pregnancy may also cause other complications, such as postpartum hemorrhage caused by excessive amniotic fluid, diabetes ketoacidosis, diabetes hyperosmolar coma, etc. These complications can have a serious impact on the health of pregnant women, and even endanger their lives.
2、 The influence of diabetes in pregnancy on the fetus
macrosomia
diabetes in pregnancy will lead to an increase in the level of blood sugar in the pregnant woman, excessive absorption of sugar by the fetus, and excess nutrition, thus forming macrosomia. Giant babies not only increase the difficulty and risk of childbirth, but may also affect the intellectual development of newborns.
Fetal malformation
If the condition of diabetes during pregnancy is serious and the blood sugar continues to rise, it will damage the fetal growth environment and increase the risk of fetal neurodevelopmental malformations and organ developmental malformations. These deformities not only affect the survival rate of fetuses, but may also have long-term effects on the physical health of newborns.
Fetal growth restriction
Pregnancy diabetes may be accompanied by hyperglycemia complications, which affect the growth environment of the fetus and inhibit embryonic development. This may lead to delayed embryonic development in early pregnancy, affecting the normal development of the fetus.
Neonatal jaundice
diabetes during pregnancy will lead to insufficient oxygen supply in the uterine cavity of the fetus, excessive production of bilirubin cells in the body, and the destruction of a large number of red blood cells, resulting in neonatal pathological jaundice. Jaundice not only affects the health of newborns, but may also have adverse effects on their intellectual development.
Newborn diabetes
Pregnancy diabetes may also lead to an increased risk of fetal disease, and congenital diabetes. At this time, abnormal sugar metabolism in the fetus can affect its normal growth and development.
Other effects
Pregnancy diabetes may also lead to fetal distress, fetal death, intrauterine and other serious consequences. Long term hyperglycemia in the uterus and ketoacidosis can increase the risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in iatrogenic premature infants. In addition, high blood sugar levels in early pregnancy can cause abnormal embryo development, ultimately leading to embryo death and miscarriage.
3、 Prevention and management
In order to reduce the adverse effects of diabetes in pregnancy on pregnant women and fetuses, pregnant women should actively control blood sugar during pregnancy to keep blood sugar stable. This includes the following.
Reasonable diet: Pregnant women should have a balanced diet, reduce the intake of high sugar and high-fat foods, increase the intake of dietary fiber, and maintain reasonable weight growth.
Moderate exercise: Pregnant women should exercise in moderation during pregnancy, such as walking, yoga, etc., which can help control blood sugar levels.
Regular prenatal check ups: Pregnant women should undergo regular prenatal check ups to monitor their blood sugar levels and promptly detect and handle any abnormal situations.
Drug therapy: If the blood sugar control of pregnant women is not up to standard, insulin and other hypoglycemic drugs should be used under the guidance of a doctor to control blood sugar within the normal range.