Diabetes is no stranger to us, but its terrible place is not high blood sugar, which is often followed by the damage of nerves, kidneys, eyes, heart, brain and other organs. Most diabetics are often confused about the choice of examination methods. The following will discuss relevant content to help more diabetics diagnose diseases in a timely manner, monitor treatment effects, etc.
1. Recommended examination items
If the patient is suspected of suffering from diabetes and wants to make a clear diagnosis, the examination items that need to be carried out are fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) or fasting blood glucose+2-hour postprandial blood glucose; If the patient has been diagnosed with diabetes, the test combination when you want to monitor the treatment effect is HbA1c or A1c. If patients want to understand their blood sugar levels in their daily lives and conduct self-monitoring, they can use a handheld blood glucose meter at home to perform finger blood sugar testing. By observing blood sugar fluctuations, they can determine whether drug treatment is effective, whether their diet is reasonable, etc., and also avoid the occurrence of hypoglycemia symptoms in patients after using hypoglycemic drugs.
2. Examination items and precautions
(1) Fasting blood glucose: It is recommended to start fasting the night before the examination, fasting for at least 8 hours, and check the fasting blood glucose level in the morning. It is important to note that dieting and fasting for too long can also lead to missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. The normal reference range is 3.9~6.1mmol/L. If it is caused by physiological increase, the common factors are emotional tension. If it is caused by pathological increase, the common reasons are diabetes, stress reaction and endocrine disease; If it is a physiological decrease, it is often related to vigorous exercise and hunger, but on the contrary, it is related to excessive insulin secretion, hypothyroidism, and insufficient liver glycogen storage.
(2) Blood glucose 2 hours after meal: clinically, its value is used as a sensitive indicator of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes. Under normal circumstances, the blood glucose of the body 2 to 3 hours after meals can return to the pre meal level. For patients with type 2 diabetes, the blood glucose continues to rise after meals due to the influence of insulin secretion. The normal range is less than 7.8 mmol/L. The increase in its value is mostly related to diabetes and cardiovascular complications.
(3) Glycated hemoglobin: Its value is relatively stable, which is helpful for doctors to understand the patient's blood glucose control in the past 6-8 weeks. Its normal range is less than 6.5%. The increased value is mostly related to diabetes and other hyperglycemia.
(4) Glycated serum albumin: By observing its numerical changes, we can understand the control of blood glucose in patients 2-3 weeks before testing, and its sensitivity is better than hemoglobin.
(5) Oral glucose tolerance test: It is a clinical method used to test whether the human body's regulatory function is normal. Require oral administration of a certain amount of glucose, and measure urine sugar and blood sugar within a specified time to observe whether urine sugar is positive and changes in blood sugar levels; It is used for patients who cannot be diagnosed with diabetes to know whether there is abnormal glucose metabolism. Pay attention not to smoke and stop using corticosteroids, insulin, and other medications before the examination.
In a word, for patients with diabetes, the above examinations are very important, which are related to the diagnosis of the disease, the monitoring of blood sugar values, and the formulation of treatment plans. Because there are differences between individuals, it is recommended to select corresponding examination items according to their own conditions and the doctor's guidance. For patients who have been diagnosed with diabetes, pay attention to improving the functional examination of important organs on a regular basis.