Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease caused by sudden rupture or blockage of blood vessels in the brain, resulting in damage to brain tissue. It is usually divided into two categories: ischemic stroke (i.e. cerebral infarction) and hemorrhagic stroke (i.e. cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, etc.).
Stroke is characterized by acute onset, rapid progress, high incidence rate, high disability rate, high mortality and high recurrence rate. However, when stroke symptoms can be identified early and patients are promptly transported to a (comprehensive) stroke center hospital with the ability to treat stroke patients within 4.5 hours of onset, receiving standardized vascular opening treatment, most can recover significantly or even completely, and a healthy and good quality of life will also be saved. Therefore, timely detection of early symptoms of stroke is extremely important. The earlier it is detected, the earlier it is diagnosed and treated, and the better the later rehabilitation effect.
1、 How to identify stroke?
1. Stroke 1-2-0 three-step recognition method: "1" refers to "seeing one face (crooked mouth corner)", "2" refers to "checking both arms (one side cannot be lifted)", "0" refers to "listening (zero) to language (unclear speech, big tongue)". If any abnormalities are found, immediately call the emergency number 120.
2. FAST rapid recognition method: "F" (Face) face: Ask the patient to smile. If the face is asymmetrical when smiling, it indicates that the patient has facial paralysis; Arm: Raise the patient's hands horizontally. If one limb falls within 10 seconds, it indicates limb paralysis; S "(Speech) language: Ask the patient to speak a long sentence, and if they do not understand, have difficulty speaking, or cannot find words, it indicates a language barrier; Time: The above symptoms are suspected of stroke. Please call 120 immediately.
2、 Before a stroke occurs, there are the following abnormal warning signals in the body:
1. Language disorders: unclear speech, unclear language expression, which is likely due to blood supply problems in the brain, affecting the neural function of the language center and leading to expression frustration.
2. Daytime sleepiness: Excessive sleepiness may also be one of the signals sent by cerebral ischemia, and even if one falls asleep, they will still feel tired.
3. Unclear vision: Blockage of cerebral blood vessels and abnormal blood supply to the optic nerve can lead to blurred vision and inability to see objects clearly.
4. Sudden dizziness and severe headache: Sudden dizziness and severe headache are one of the most typical symptoms of cerebral ischemia or cerebral hemorrhage. As intracranial pressure increases, patients will experience significant head pain.
5. Vomiting: After cerebral hemorrhage, it is caused by excessive pressure in the brain, which can also stimulate the vomiting center and trigger vomiting symptoms.
6. Functional impairment of one limb: There are many nerve conduction bundles concentrated in the bilateral brain parenchyma, including those responsible for limb movement. Once there is ischemia or bleeding, it may cause limb dysfunction - hemiplegia.
It is important to pay attention to the signals emitted by the body and seek medical attention in a timely manner. The earlier patients with cerebral ischemia are rescued, the better their prognosis will be.
3、 Preventing stroke: In fact, many factors that can cause stroke can be controlled in some small details of life:
1. Controlling chronic diseases
Chronic diseases can easily cause many complications, so patients with chronic diseases should regularly monitor blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol, etc., and strictly follow medical advice to take medication. Do not stop or reduce the dosage rashly.
2. Pay attention to daily diet
High salt, high sugar, and high fat are important factors affecting human health. Patients with chronic diseases or a history of stroke should choose light cooking methods and use vegetable oils to reduce fat intake in their daily meals. Eating more high fiber fresh fruits and vegetables, as well as high fiber foods, can help reduce the absorption of body fat and lower the concentration of cholesterol in the blood, thereby preventing stroke.
3. Quit smoking and drink less
The disadvantages of smoking are well known to everyone, so it is essential to quit smoking;
Alcohol is not always harmful to the human body, occasional small drinks are also harmless, but never indulge in excessive drinking; In addition, if taking medication, drinking alcohol should be prohibited to avoid any reaction between medication and alcohol.
4. Regular physical examination
Regular physical examination can timely detect risk factors and avoid the occurrence of diseases without warning. Adults over the age of 40 are required to undergo a check-up every three years; Elderly people aged 65 and above should undergo a national health check-up once a year.