Biochemical testing is a common medical examination method that can help doctors understand the biochemical reactions inside the patient's body, thereby determining the existence and development of diseases. In this article, I will introduce the relevant knowledge of biochemical testing to everyone.
1、 The principle of biochemical testing
1. Enzymatic principle: Enzyme indicators commonly used in biochemical testing include liver function enzymes, myocardial enzymes, insulin, etc. These enzymes play important physiological roles in the human body and are released into the bloodstream when they are damaged or diseased. By detecting the activity levels of these enzymes in the blood, the function of relevant organs or the degree of disease can be evaluated.
2. Metabolite principle: Metabolites commonly used in biochemical testing include glucose, lipids, amino acids, electrolytes, etc. These metabolites are involved in various biological processes in the human body, and when their metabolism is abnormal, it can lead to a series of diseases. By detecting the levels of these metabolites in the blood, the metabolic status of related systems or the severity of diseases can be evaluated.
3. Immunological principles: Commonly used immunological indicators in biochemical tests include tumor markers, immunoglobulins, etc. These indicators are involved in the immune response and the occurrence and development of diseases in the human body. When they show abnormalities, they can indicate the existence of related diseases. By measuring the levels of these indicators in the blood, the state of the immune system or the severity of diseases can be evaluated.
4. Hormonal principles: Hormones commonly used in biochemical tests include thyroid hormones, sex hormones, adrenal hormones, etc. These hormones are involved in various physiological processes and metabolic regulation in the human body. When their secretion or action is abnormal, it can lead to a series of diseases. By measuring the levels of these hormones in the blood, the function of related systems or the severity of diseases can be evaluated.
2、 Role of biochemical tests
1. Diagnosis of diseases: biochemical tests can detect biochemical indicators in the human body, such as blood sugar, protein, liver function, kidney function, etc. The changes of these indicators can preliminarily determine whether a patient has a certain disease, such as diabetes, hepatitis, nephritis, etc.
2. Monitoring treatment efficacy: Biochemical testing can monitor changes in biochemical indicators during the treatment process, determine whether the treatment is effective, adjust the treatment plan, and improve treatment efficacy.
3. Predicting disease progression: Biochemical tests can detect potential disease risk factors such as cholesterol, blood pressure, etc. By monitoring changes in these indicators, it is possible to predict future diseases in patients and take corresponding preventive measures.
4. Health examination: Biochemical testing can be an important item of health examination. By detecting changes in various biochemical indicators, the individual's health status can be evaluated, potential health problems can be identified, and early intervention measures can be taken.
5. Scientific research: Biochemical testing can provide important experimental data for scientific research, helping scientists gain a deeper understanding of human physiology and pathological processes, and providing more accurate and effective methods for disease treatment and prevention.
3、 Precautions for conducting biochemical tests
1. Follow the doctor's instructions: Before conducting biochemical tests, follow the doctor's instructions, such as fasting or dietary restrictions. These instructions are based on specific testing items and the patient's physical condition, which can help ensure the accuracy of the test results.
2. Confirm medication usage: If medication is being taken, inform the doctor and confirm whether it is necessary to stop using or adjust the medication dosage. Some drugs may affect the results of biochemical tests, so attention should be paid.
3. Diet and Exercise: Overeating or excessive exercise should be avoided before collecting blood samples. Excessive diet or exercise may affect the concentration of biochemical substances in the blood, thereby affecting the test results.
4. Avoid excessive tension: Before conducting biochemical tests, try to relax yourself and avoid excessive tension or anxiety. Excessive tension or anxiety may cause changes in the concentration of certain biochemical substances in the blood, thereby affecting the test results.
5. Pay attention to sampling time: Different biochemical testing items need to be sampled at different times. For example, liver function testing is usually sampled in the morning because the liver is most active at this time. Therefore, before conducting biochemical testing, it is necessary to understand the sampling time requirements for the required testing items.