Today's young people say that eating sweets can make their mood beautiful. Although their mood is beautiful when they eat too much sugar, be careful about diabetes! Many people think that diabetes is not terrible, because it is too common. There is about one diabetic in every 10 adults. In China, there are more than 114 million people with diabetes, and about 4.2 million adults worldwide die of diabetes and its complications, which is equivalent to one person dying every 8 seconds...
What is diabetes?
The most significant feature of diabetes is the rise of blood sugar, which leads to sugar in urine. Sugar here specifically refers to glucose, which is the main source of energy for the body. No matter the starch contained in rice Mantou or fructose contained in fruit, when eaten in the stomach, it is finally absorbed into the blood in the form of glucose, which is transmitted to various tissues and organs for use along with the blood circulation.
When blood flows through the kidneys, useful substances are left behind and returned to the bloodstream, such as glucose; And useless things are excreted, forming urine, so there is no glucose in normal human urine. The blood sugar of diabetes patients rises, which exceeds the ability of the kidney to purify and absorb, and some glucose will be discharged with the urine, forming the so-called "diabetes", which is the origin of the name of diabetes.
Who are the high-risk groups of diabetes?
Many factors may cause diabetes. For example, those who are over 40 years old, overweight and obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, often sit still, have a family history of diabetes, a history of pregnancy diabetes, and a history of macrosomia (birth weight ≥ 4Kg) are high-risk groups of diabetes. 6.1mmol/L fasting blood glucose (FBG)<7.0mmol/L, or 7.8mmol/L<2-hour glucose load (2hPG)<11.1mmol/L, which is impaired glucose regulation, also known as pre diabetes, and belongs to the extremely high-risk group of diabetes.
What are the hazards of elevated blood sugar to the body?
First of all, the elevated blood sugar will damage the small blood vessels of the kidney, causing diabetes nephropathy, resulting in the inability to expel toxic substances, and even kidney failure and uremia.
Secondly, diabetes is also easy to cause retinal small vessel disease, damage vision, and even cause blindness.
In addition, the increase of blood sugar in diabetes will also promote the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, involving the larger blood vessels in the whole body, leading to arteriosclerosis stenosis and damage to corresponding organs.
Not only that, the increase of blood sugar in diabetes will also damage the nerves, most commonly leading to sensory dysfunction of the distal lower limbs. So when many diabetes patients soak their feet, they can't feel the hot water, which is easy to burn their feet. Long term vascular and nerve damage of lower limbs will lead to diabetes foot, that is, foot infection, ulcer and deep tissue destruction will occur, even the whole foot necrosis will occur in serious cases, requiring amputation.
Therefore, the rise of blood sugar in diabetes is very harmful to the body. It should be noted that the damage of diabetes to the whole blood vessels is a chronic process, and it often takes many years from the discovery of elevated blood sugar to the occurrence of various complications. Therefore, in order to protect our cardiovascular health, we must learn to control our blood sugar well in daily life.
How to control blood sugar?
1. Psychological intervention
diabetes patients should first carry out psychological intervention, which should neither be excessively afraid nor let go. Patients need to have an objective understanding of the disease and confidence in disease control in order to cooperate with treatment. Excessive worry can easily lead to other diseases.
2. diabetes education
Patients and their families should learn and understand diabetes and its complications as much as possible to improve their awareness of self-management and actively prevent disease.
3. Diet treatment
Generally speaking, the prevention and treatment of diabetes is lifestyle intervention. By helping patients develop a nutrition plan, develop good eating habits, determine a reasonable total energy intake, and allocate various nutrients in a balanced manner, it promotes the recovery and maintenance of ideal weight for patients.
4. Exercise therapy
diabetes patients can choose suitable exercise according to their basic physical conditions, generally about 30 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic exercise. Elderly people over 60 years old can choose slow walking, while those under 60 years old can choose brisk walking. Young people can choose sports such as playing ball and running appropriately.
5. Blood glucose monitoring
Patients can use portable blood glucose meters to self monitor their blood glucose levels at home. In addition, disease monitoring should also include monitoring of cardiovascular risk factors and complications. Patients should undergo at least one blood lipid test and comprehensive examinations of the heart, kidneys, nerves, fundus, and other related areas every year.
6. Drug treatment
More than 95% of diabetes patients need drug treatment, and only a few patients can control blood sugar smoothly through lifestyle intervention, so drug treatment is a necessary treatment. At present, diabetes treatment drugs include oral drugs and injection preparations. According to the condition and age of diabetes patients, treatment plans are also different.
Prevention of diabetes
1. Popularize diabetes prevention knowledge.
2. Maintain a healthy lifestyle with a reasonable diet and regular exercise.
3. Healthy individuals should have their fasting blood glucose checked once a year starting from the age of 40.
4. It is recommended to detect fasting blood glucose or blood glucose 2 hours after meal once every six months for people with pre diabetes, and intervene as soon as possible.
5. Control the body mass index. Through diet control and exercise, reduce the body mass index of overweight and obese people to 24 or close to 24, or reduce their weight by at least 7%, which can reduce the risk of pre diabetes by 35% -58%.