Vaccination is an effective means of preventing certain diseases and an important measure to ensure the healthy growth of children. During vaccination, adverse reactions such as fever may occur due to drug factors and children's own factors. Common symptoms of fever and pain are normal. But if exposed to water or infection after vaccination, it can cause serious adverse reactions. Therefore, we will now share with you the protective measures after vaccination.
1、 Precautions after vaccination
Firstly, stay in the hospital for 30 minutes after vaccination to avoid serious allergic reactions. Secondly, when taking a shower within three days after vaccination, it is necessary to avoid infection at the injection site to prevent secondary infections, and to avoid vigorous exercise. Thirdly, after two to three weeks of vaccination with BCG vaccine, there may be local swelling and ulcers, and scabs may naturally form after three weeks. Fourthly, some children may experience an increase in body temperature two days after vaccination. You can feed more warm water to promote the excretion and cooling of metabolic products in the body. If the temperature is below 38.5 ℃, it will naturally subside within 24 to 48 hours. If the high fever continues to exceed 38.5 ℃, you should seek medical attention immediately. Fifth, after vaccination, some children may experience symptoms such as fatigue and drowsiness, and a small number of children may develop rash, nausea, and vomiting. These symptoms are general adverse reactions that do not require excessive treatment and can naturally disappear within 1-2 days. Sixth, if the local reaction is severe after vaccination, a clean towel can be used for hot compress. Seventh, a very small number of vaccinated individuals may exhibit abnormal symptoms after vaccination based on individual differences. For example, after receiving the pertussis vaccine, aseptic suppuration may occur, and after receiving the Japanese encephalitis and measles vaccines, rash and facial edema may occur. This type of phenomenon is called post vaccination abnormal reaction, and measures should be taken in advance to deal with this event, and timely symptomatic treatment should be given after the occurrence of abnormal reaction. Eighth, parents need to have a prior understanding of the types and effects of vaccines administered, as well as common reactions after vaccination. If a child experiences symptoms such as fever and asthma during the previous vaccination, they should inform the doctor before vaccination. Ninth, if adults receive the vaccine, they should avoid drinking alcohol within 3-7 days after vaccination. Alcohol containing cotton balls should not be used to press the injection site. Dry cotton balls can be used to press and maintain dry skin at the injection site. Avoid lifting heavy objects within 1 week and do not take a shower within 2 days. In addition, within one week after vaccination, avoid eating spicy and stimulating foods or seafood, focus on a light diet, and drink plenty of water.
-- Common adverse reactions and countermeasures of vaccination
Children vaccination mainly involves hepatitis B vaccine, measles vaccine, BCG vaccine and other vaccines with poor self resistance due to their younger age, which may cause a series of adverse reactions after vaccination. The adverse reactions that occur after vaccination in children can be controlled through the following measures. First, when injecting hepatitis B vaccine, it is easy to cause children's low fever symptoms during hepatitis B vaccination, and most children's temperature is below 38 ℃. Therefore, the injection process should be strictly followed during the injection, and attention should be paid to the changes of children's temperature. Secondly, for children who have received BCG vaccination, symptoms such as local abscess or ulcer formation may occur two weeks after injection. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to disinfecting the local skin of children after vaccination. If pus sacs are found to rupture, antibacterial treatment is required. The primary response to adverse reactions after vaccination is to ensure the safety of the vaccine itself, which is managed and administered by professionals. At the same time, it is necessary to establish an immunization record for children, comprehensively recording their history of drug allergies, physical condition, and adverse reactions after vaccination. In addition, conducting information verification before vaccination requires reviewing information on vaccine batch numbers, names, and expiration dates. After injection, routine observation for 30 minutes is required. If no adverse reactions are found, the patient can leave the hospital. If obvious allergic reactions occur during this period, symptomatic treatment should be given in a timely manner.
2、 Post vaccination nursing intervention
After vaccination, parents should inform their children to sit quietly and observe for 30 minutes. If there are no abnormal symptoms, they can leave the hospital. Before discharge, it is necessary to guide preventive measures to enable parents of children to understand the protective measures after vaccination. For example, after vaccination, children should avoid activities or vigorous exercise for a short period of time, maintain appropriate rest, and keep their skin dry and clothing tidy. If a child expresses itching at the injection site, they should be informed not to grip with their hands to avoid triggering infection. Most children experience mild local and systemic reactions after vaccination, which can naturally disappear within a few hours without the need for special treatment. A very small number of children may experience symptoms such as dizziness, fever, and fatigue after vaccination. A small number of children may present with symptoms such as vomiting and abdominal pain, which usually disappear naturally within two days. If the duration is long, it is necessary to go to the hospital for examination to determine the specific cause. Children who experience mild fever and local reactions after vaccination can improve their symptoms by increasing water intake to accelerate metabolism. However, if the local reactions are severe after vaccination, they can seek medical attention. If there is a local reaction, parents should be instructed to keep their children's skin and clothes dry, avoid children grabbing the injection site with their hands, and if necessary, intervene with hot compress or other methods. If a child's body temperature is too high and accompanied by other acute reactions after vaccination, parents should promptly take the child to the hospital to see if there are any allergic reactions. There are many types of vaccines, some of which can produce long-lasting immune antibodies over the long term.
In summary, mild pain and fever after vaccination are normal reactions that do not require special treatment and can disappear on their own within about 1 day. To prevent adverse reactions after vaccination as much as possible, it is necessary to strengthen health education for parents of children and promote their comprehensive understanding of the types of vaccines that may cause discomfort. Through the explanation of post vaccination protective measures, parents can participate in the management of children after vaccination to avoid exacerbating adverse reactions based on their personal behavior, which has a positive effect on improving vaccination safety.