How to perform home first aid for acute stroke?
Seek medical attention at a comprehensive hospital as soon as possible (avoid choosing to transport patients by self driving or taxi without authorization, as most patients who are delayed in treatment are not transported by ambulance).
Arterial or intravenous thrombolysis is the most effective treatment for cerebral thrombosis within an effective time frame, which can minimize disability or complete recovery. Emphasis is placed on early detection, with early thrombolysis occurring within 3-6 hours after onset. 2. What are the treatment methods for acute ischemic stroke?
In the early stage of cerebral infarction, irreversible necrosis occurs at the center of the infarction. If cerebral blood flow is restored and brain tissue metabolism is improved in a timely manner, the ischemic penumbra tissue of cerebral infarction can be saved, avoiding the formation of permanent necrosis (cerebral infarction). Therefore, recanalization and reperfusion of blood vessels is currently the best treatment method, which can be achieved through methods such as intravenous thrombolysis, arterial thrombolysis, and arterial thrombectomy.
The time window for reopening blood vessels in acute ischemic stroke is 4.5 hours. Within 4.5 hours, intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator - injection of alteplase - can be used to block large blood vessels for 1 minute, resulting in the death of 1.9 million brain cells! And for every minute shortened, the average disability free and survival time of patients increased by 1.8 days. Rescue must race against time!
The elderly find half of their body numb and unable to exert force, always wanting to take a break before speaking; And the family members also hold the mentality of observing again and going to the hospital later, but the result is that they wait until half of their body cannot move before rushing to the hospital. At this time, it may have exceeded the best time for rescue, and there is even a possibility of lifelong paralysis.
3. Race against Death in Eight Steps!
Step 1: Have the patient complete the following actions: 1. Smile; 2. Answer simple questions, such as your own name; 3. Make it straighten its arms. If the patient is unable to complete the above actions, it can be preliminarily diagnosed as a stroke.
Step 2: If the patient is awake, pay attention to comforting them and relieving their tension. It is advisable to remain calm, avoid panic, refrain from crying or calling out to the patient, and avoid causing psychological pressure on the patient.
Step 3: The patient is placed in a supine position, with the head and shoulders slightly elevated and the head tilted to one side to prevent phlegm or vomit from flowing back into the trachea and causing suffocation. If there are foreign objects in the patient's mouth and nose, efforts should be made to expel them and keep the respiratory tract unobstructed.
Step 4: Unscrew the patient's collar buttons, tie, belt, bra, and if there are dentures, they should also be removed. Do not place a pillow or place a pillow behind your shoulders to slightly raise your lower jaw.
Step 5: Call the emergency center for help, do not put down the phone if necessary, inquire and follow the doctor's guidance for relevant treatment.
Step 6: Avoid light stimulation by closing the curtains to prevent strong light stimulation.
Step 7: Those who have the conditions can take oxygen.
Step 8: In special circumstances, if the patient needs to be transported by themselves, the correct approach is to have 2-3 people exert force simultaneously, with one person supporting the head and shoulders to avoid excessive vibration or distortion of the head; Another person supports the patient's back and buttocks; If there is still one person, lift the patient's waist and legs, and three people work together to lift the patient flat onto a hardwood bed or stretcher.
At the moment of saving lives, we cannot do this!
Panic: Due to the lack of basic knowledge of first aid for cerebrovascular diseases, when faced with emergency situations, one may panic and even feel lost, which is not conducive to rescue efforts.
Savage transportation: Some patients' families, in order to "seize" the time, pick up or carry the patients and run to the hospital, unaware that this transportation method often aggravates the condition.
Blind feeding: Some family members blindly feed water or drinks to patients. The correct approach is not to make decisions on the use of hemostatic agents, Angong Niuhuang pills, or other medications without a clear diagnosis from a doctor.
Putting aside the near and seeking the far: The early treatment time for stroke patients can be described as "a moment is worth a thousand gold", and rescue must be rushed every second. Some family members only pursue the reputation of the hospital and abandon the nearby so-called "small hospital", resulting in delayed rescue time.