Cerebral infarction is a disease of the central nervous system, which can cause irreparable damage to the physical and psychological health of patients. ① It may lead to paralysis in patients. ② It may also lead to sensory disorders in patients, such as temperature sensitivity disorders. Some patients are very prone to burns after cerebral infarction, which is caused by a significant decrease in sensitivity to sensation. ③ It can cause language dysfunction in patients, manifested as difficulties in expression, unclear speech, and other related clinical manifestations. ④ Cerebral infarction may also lead to cognitive impairment in patients, manifested as delayed response, decreased memory, decreased computing power, and other related clinical manifestations. If the patient has a severe cerebral infarction, complications such as pulmonary infection and urinary tract infection may occur.
The following article will popularize the knowledge of cerebral infarction nursing, so that everyone has a clear understanding and will not be careless. So first of all, we need to know the causes of cerebral infarction so that we can prescribe the right medicine more efficiently!
1、 Causes of cerebral infarction
1. Major atherosclerosis: the patient's body may gradually narrow the vascular lumen, and eventually cause occlusion, leading to cerebral infarction. Commonly seen is the bifurcation of arteries.
2. Cardiogenic factors: Clinical atrial fibrillation is more common, mainly caused by thrombus detachment, which flows into the cerebral circulation with the blood circulation and blocks the vascular lumen.
3. Arteriitis: Bacterial and viral infections can cause arterial inflammation, leading to narrowing and occlusion of the vascular lumen.
2、 Nursing measures for patients with cerebral infarction
1. Head tilt to one side: Cerebral infarction is a central nervous system disease. In the acute phase, it may lead to acute stress ulcers, which can easily cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and vomiting blood in patients. Nursing staff can tilt the patient's head to one side to effectively prevent vomit from being inhaled into the trachea and causing suffocation.
2. Nasal feeding diet: Patients with acute cerebral infarction may experience difficulty swallowing and loss of pharyngeal reflex, leading to choking and coughing during eating, which can easily cause pneumonia. So, patients need to have a gastric tube and nasal feeding for diet.
3. Turning over and patting the back: Patients with acute cerebral infarction are prone to lung infections. Nursing staff can frequently turn over and pat the back to prevent the occurrence of pneumonia or worsening inflammation in patients.
4. Pressure massage: The patient has been bedridden for a long time, resulting in poor blood flow and reflux in the limbs. Pressure massage can help promote venous return and prevent the occurrence of venous thrombosis.
5. Pay attention to psychological comfort: Cerebrovascular patients often have pessimistic emotional reactions such as depression and disappointment, and often have wild thoughts. Family members should be caring individuals, accompanying patients, relieving their concerns, and facilitating the recovery of the disease.
6. Pay attention to dietary regulation: The diet should be light, low-fat, moderate in protein, high in vitamins, and high in fiber. Eat small meals frequently, avoid consuming animal organs or oils, limit daily salt intake to no more than six grams, and consume more vegetables and fruits. For patients with facial paralysis, the feeding speed must not be too fast to avoid choking the patient and causing difficulty breathing.
7. Pay attention to preventing complications: Pay attention to turning over and patting the back to prevent the occurrence of pneumonia and bedsores. Pay attention to keeping warm and prevent upper respiratory tract infections. Pay more attention to eating bananas, honey, and foods rich in vitamins to prevent constipation. Pay attention to clearing phlegm and vomit to prevent suffocation.
8. Keep the perineum clean. Especially for patients who have indwelling urinary catheters or are unaware of their bowel movements, cleaning the perineum can often lead to retrograde infection.
9. Help patients passively move paralyzed limbs: firstly, to promote limb function recovery, and secondly, to prevent the formation of deep vein thrombosis, which may cause pulmonary embolism and endanger life if it falls off.
The above are the nursing measures for patients with cerebral infarction, which everyone must keep in mind. Exercise regularly in daily life, have a healthy physique, and don't let "cerebral infarction" become an obstacle to our beautiful life!