With the adjustment of China's birth policy, many families have put a second or third child on their agenda. Many expectant mothers ate a lot during pregnancy, fearing that their children would not get enough nutrition, but they found that their blood sugar was high during the prenatal examination. They were told to beware of "diabetes during pregnancy", which can make many expectant mothers confused.
Gestational diabetes is one of the common complications of pregnancy. It is the first diabetes that occurs due to abnormal maternal glucose metabolism after pregnancy. After pregnancy, the body will produce a series of physiological changes. At this time, the increase of glucose demand, insulin resistance and insulin secretion are relatively insufficient, which will lead to diabetes in pregnancy in some pregnant women.
The typical symptoms of pregnant women with diabetes are polydipsia, polydipsia and polyuria. They can also be accompanied by blurred vision, skin acupuncture, tactile abnormalities, and cotton treading sensation. They can also have recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, which can be manifested as vulvovaginal itching, burning pain, and increased vaginal secretions.
Gestational diabetes is easy to cause maternal infection, polyhydramnios, hypertension, abortion, etc., which can mainly cause a series of maternal and fetal complications such as fetal hyperglycemia, excessive insulin secretion, giant fetus, neonatal hypoglycemia, deformed fetus, etc.
Some patients with diabetes during pregnancy can develop into type 2 diabetes in the future, and the recurrence rate is very high when they are pregnant again. Those with poor blood glucose control will also have an increased chance of developing metabolic syndrome such as diabetes and obesity in the future.
Gestational diabetes also has the characteristics of high incidence rate and rapid change of condition, which is closely related to the daily diet and daily life of patients. Therefore, scientific and healthy nursing measures should be taken. So, what are the nursing skills for gestational diabetes?
1、 Diet control
Pregnant women with diabetes should pay attention to the eight golden rules in diet control: ① reasonable diet, control calories, cooperate with exercise, and control blood sugar; ② The staple food is quantified, with a combination of coarse and fine grains, and whole grains and mixed beans accounting for one-third; ③ Eat more vegetables and fruits in moderation, with diverse types and colors; ④ Eat fish, poultry, eggs, and animal meat in moderation, and limit processed meat; ⑤ Dairy beans are available every day, and snacks and meals should be reasonably selected, such as consuming some nuts in moderation; ⑥ Light diet, sufficient drinking water, and restricted alcohol consumption; ⑦ Regularly and quantitatively, chew slowly, pay attention to the order of meals, and develop the habit of eating vegetables first and then the main food; ⑧ Pay attention to self-management, maintain a healthy lifestyle, and regularly receive personalized dietary guidance.
2、 Reasonable exercise
Pregnant women with diabetes are recommended to do some flexibility exercises, such as yoga, static stretching, soft gymnastics, etc. However, it should be noted that exercise should not be done on an empty stomach. It is best to exercise 1-2 hours after meals, at least 3 days a week or every other day, with 30-60 minutes of exercise per session. The intensity of exercise should follow the principle of individualization and gradual progress. Attention should be paid to pre exercise preparation and post exercise recovery, and timely hydration should be provided after exercise.
3、 Blood glucose monitoring
The changes of pregnant women's blood glucose, urine glucose, urine ketone body and other indicators have a very important impact on pregnant women with diabetes, so these indicators need to be effectively monitored. Dynamically monitor and accurately record changes in patients' blood sugar levels, timely monitor fetal movements and heart sounds, understand fetal development, and promptly notify doctors for treatment once abnormalities are detected.
4、 Medication nursing
If the patients with gestational diabetes still cannot effectively control their blood sugar after strict diet treatment and exercise therapy, they should be given medication. Nurses should explain the use method, injection site, dose, action time, etc. of insulin to the patients, and make them grasp the correct injection method of insulin and self determination of blood sugar. Inform patients that in the event of dizziness, fatigue, sweating, pale complexion, tachycardia, etc., they should promptly supplement carbohydrates to alleviate symptoms.
6、 Preventing infections
If a pregnant woman's blood sugar levels are too high, it may lead to a decrease in her immune system, resulting in reduced resistance to bacterial infections and complications such as respiratory and urinary system infections. Nursing staff should instruct patients to maintain personal hygiene, soak their feet in warm water to promote blood circulation, avoid wearing hard soled shoes, trim their toenails in a timely manner, and avoid infection.
7、 Psychological nursing should provide truthful information about the disease and nursing care, encourage patients to confide, and alleviate their mental concerns. Guide patients to face the disease correctly, assist in providing family and social support, and enhance patients' confidence in overcoming the disease.