Cerebrovascular disease is a type of disease characterized by impaired brain function caused by cerebrovascular lesions. In China, cerebrovascular disease is relatively common, and its incidence rate, disability rate and mortality rate are very high. The occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases poses serious risks to patients, and may even threaten their life safety. Cerebrovascular diseases seriously affect people's quality of life and even threaten their lives. Prevention and treatment are equally important, and corresponding preventive measures should be taken to effectively prevent the occurrence or aggravation of cerebrovascular diseases, in order to achieve the goal of prolonging life and improving quality of life.
1、 What is cerebrovascular disease? It is a general term for a series of diseases caused by impaired blood supply to the brain due to cerebrovascular disease. It mainly includes various types such as cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, and transient ischemic attack. The occurrence of diseases is related to a variety of risk factors, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, obesity, etc., as well as age, gender, genetics and other factors. Early symptoms usually include headache, dizziness, blurred vision, unclear speech, limb weakness, and sensory abnormalities. In severe cases, it can lead to coma, paralysis, aphasia, and other consequences. Preventing cerebrovascular disease mainly involves reducing the influence of risk factors, maintaining normal blood pressure, blood lipids, and blood sugar levels, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Once symptoms of suspected cerebrovascular disease appear, timely medical attention should be sought for diagnosis and treatment to prevent further deterioration of the condition.
2、 Risk factors
(1) Hypertension is the most common risk factor for the occurrence of diseases, as the body's blood pressure remains elevated for a long time, causing damage to the inner walls of blood vessels and increasing the probability of cerebral arteriosclerosis. At this time, the vascular lumen will narrow.
(2) Diabetes, hyperglycemia will accelerate vascular aging, leading to diabetes microvascular disease and cerebral arteriosclerosis, resulting in cerebral ischemia, stroke and other diseases.
(3) Atrial fibrillation, for people with atrial fibrillation, due to the high rate of thrombus formation, once it falls off, it may enter the cerebral blood vessels with the blood, blocking the blood vessels and leading to cerebral infarction.
(4) Abnormal blood lipids and hyperlipidemia can lead to thinning of the cerebral vascular wall. Once lipids deposit on the vascular wall and form plaques, the arterial lumen will narrow, resulting in ischemia and hypoxia, which is commonly referred to as arteriosclerosis.
(5) Smoking, the harmful components in tobacco, can cause damage to endothelial cells and platelets, leading to a decrease in blood flow velocity, the formation of blood clots, and an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease.
(6) Drinking alcohol, "a small amount of alcohol soothes the mood, while a large amount of alcohol harms the body", can lead to an increase in blood viscosity, slow blood flow, and affect vascular permeability. Long term heavy drinking significantly increases the probability of developing arteriosclerosis.
(7) Lack of physical exercise can lead to fat accumulation and reduced blood flow in the body, thereby increasing the risk of cerebrovascular disease.
(8) Obesity is a problem that troubles many people and is a manifestation of metabolic disorders in the body. Obesity is usually related to the "three highs" and can promote the occurrence of arteriosclerosis.
(9) Carotid artery stenosis, once the carotid artery undergoes arteriosclerosis, can lead to narrowing of the vascular lumen for a long time, affecting the normal blood supply to the brain. Even detached plaques can enter the cerebral blood vessels, which can greatly cause cerebral embolism.
(10) Sleep apnea, as this sleep state can cause blood pressure fluctuations, increases the risk of cerebrovascular disease.
(11) High homocysteine is a common physical examination indicator, mainly used to determine the risk of stroke based on its value.
3、 Prevention methods of cerebrovascular disease
1. Prepare symptomatic drugs: for example, for cerebral infarction and cerebral thrombosis caused by atherosclerosis, take some drugs with the effects of removing blood stasis, clearing collaterals and dissolving thrombus.
2. Quitting smoking: smoking is a risk factor for stroke. Nicotine contained in tobacco can cause vasospasm, increase blood pressure and accelerate atherosclerosis.
3. Abstinence from alcohol: Alcohol can raise blood pressure and keep the blood in a hypercoagulable state. Long term heavy drinking and acute alcohol poisoning are risk factors for cerebral infarction.
4. Weight control: At present, it is believed that male abdominal obesity and high body mass index are independent risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, which is related to obesity's susceptibility to hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes.
5. Prevention and treatment of hypertension: Hypertension is the most important risk factor for cerebral hemorrhage and stroke, and controlling hypertension is the core link in preventing the occurrence and development of stroke.
6. Prevention and treatment of heart disease: Various types of heart diseases can increase the risk of cerebrovascular disease.
7. Prevention and treatment of diabetes: The incidence rate of atherosclerosis, obesity, etc. in diabetes patients is higher than that in non diabetes patients. Hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor associated with hyperglycemic stroke.
8. Prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia: The addition of low-density lipoprotein is a risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis, but hypercholesterolemia is not a risk factor for stroke. Emphasis is placed on controlling diet and physical exercise during prevention and treatment, supplemented by medication.