Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy caused by malignant transformation of cervical epithelial cells. According to statistics, 500000 women die from cervical cancer worldwide every year, so cervical screening is very important. This article will provide a detailed introduction to the relevant knowledge of cervical screening, including screening methods, screening time, screening frequency, etc.
1、 The significance of cervical screening
Cervical screening is an important means of early detection of cervical cancer. Through cervical screening, early cervical cancer or precancerous lesions can be detected and treated promptly to avoid worsening of the condition. At the same time, cervical screening also helps to improve people's awareness and awareness of cervical cancer prevention, thereby reducing the incidence rate and mortality of cervical cancer.
2、 The target of cervical screening is all women, especially those who have already had sexual intercourse. Because the occurrence of cervical cancer is related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which is mainly transmitted through sexual transmission. In addition, women should also undergo cervical screening during pregnancy.
3、 There are various methods for cervical screening, including smear testing, cytology testing, and HPV virus testing.
（1） Smear method
Smear method, also known as Pap smear method, is one of the most commonly used methods in cervical screening. This method requires brushing some cell samples on the surface of the female cervix, then coating the samples on glass slides and observing changes in cell morphology under a microscope to detect the presence of precancerous lesions or cervical cancer. This method has the advantages of simplicity, non invasiveness, and ease of operation, but may have a certain misdiagnosis rate for smaller lesions.
（2） Shedding cell detection method
Shedding cell detection method, also known as post smear method, is a method of directly sending collected samples to the laboratory for analysis. This method is more sensitive compared to the smear method and can detect smaller lesions, but the operation is more complex and requires professional technicians to perform.
（3） HPV virus detection method
HPV virus detection method is a method of determining the presence of cervical cancer or precancerous lesions by detecting the HPV virus in the cervix of women. This method can be detected through molecular biology techniques or immunological techniques, with high sensitivity and specificity, and has a good screening effect for early cervical cancer or precancerous lesions.
4、 The time and frequency of cervical screening vary depending on individual circumstances. It is generally recommended that women undergo cervical screening from the age of 21 after sexual activity begins, and after the first screening, they should undergo cervical screening every three years. For women with a history of HPV infection, those previously diagnosed with cervical precancerous lesions, or those with a family history, it is recommended to increase the frequency of screening.
For women who have reached the age of 65 and have tested negative in the last three cervical screenings, it may be considered to stop cervical screening. But if there are high-risk factors, such as having a new sexual partner, a history of HPV infection, etc., cervical screening still needs to be continued.
5、 Precautions for cervical screening
(1) Avoid conducting cervical screening during menstruation, as the cell samples of the cervix may be affected by blood, which can affect the test results.
（2） Before conducting cervical screening, it is necessary to avoid behaviors such as using sanitary tampons, cleaning the vagina, and using lubricants that may affect the test results.
（3） Cervical screening may cause some discomfort, such as mild pain, bleeding, etc., but it generally does not affect daily life. If symptoms such as severe pain and massive bleeding occur, seek medical attention promptly.
（4） When conducting cervical screening, regular medical institutions and professional doctors should be selected for examination to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the examination.
In summary, cervical screening is an important means of early detection of cervical cancer and has significant implications for women's health. I hope female friends can pay attention to cervical screening, actively undergo relevant examinations, timely detect and treat cervical cancer or precancerous lesions, and protect their health.