One of the commonly used clinical examination items in urine routine can be used to check for abnormal substances in the human body, such as protein, sugar, white blood cells, red blood cells, etc., in order to evaluate the health status of patients' internal organs such as the kidneys and urinary system. If the kidneys begin to develop lesions, some patients may experience proteinuria or be reflected in urine residue, which is an important basis for doctors to improve diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring efficacy.
Many people have undergone a urine routine, but know very little about it. Next, this article will comprehensively introduce the relevant knowledge of urine routine, including content interpretation, clinical significance, etc. Please read on!
1、 Content interpretation
(1) Urine color: Usually, urine should be light yellow. If dark yellow, red, or brown appears, it may indicate symptoms such as urinary tract bleeding and jaundice.
(2) Urine transparency: Under standard conditions, it should be clear and transparent. If there is turbidity or cloudiness, it indicates that the patient may have diseases such as purulent urine and urinary tract infections.
(3) Urine pH value: The normal range is 4.6-8. If it is too high, it may indicate that the patient has urinary tract infections, urethral stones, kidney failure, and other diseases; If it is low, it may indicate that the patient has metabolic acidosis, renal tubular acidosis and other diseases.
(4) Urine specific gravity: The normal range is 1.005-1.030. If it is too low, it may indicate that the patient has diseases such as glomerulonephritis and renal tubular dysfunction; Elevated levels may indicate the presence of diseases such as dehydration and diabetes insipidus in the patient.
(5) Protein: normally, it should be negative. If it is positive, it may indicate that the patient has proteinuria, which is common in diabetes, mild nephritis, glomerulonephritis and other diseases.
(6) Sugar: It should be negative under normal circumstances. If it is positive, it may indicate that the patient has diabetes or other metabolic diseases.
(7) Red blood cell: It should be negative under normal circumstances. If it is positive, it may indicate that the patient has kidney stones, urinary tumor, infectious diseases, etc.
(8) Leukocytes: if the result is negative or trace is normal, it may indicate that the patient has urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis, stones, infectious diseases, etc.
(9) Urinary bilinogen: Under normal circumstances, it is weakly positive. If the result is positive, it may indicate the presence of liver and gallbladder diseases. If the result is negative, it may indicate obstructive jaundice.
(10) Bilirubin: A negative result indicates normal, which is of great significance for distinguishing jaundice and liver and gallbladder cell damage.
(11) Nitrite: Normally negative, if positive, it may indicate the presence of cystitis or pyelonephritis.
(12) Ketone body: under normal circumstances, it is negative. If positive, it may be related to malnutrition, diabetes or pregnancy. Taking certain drugs, hunger, diarrhea and vomiting may also lead to positive.
2、 Clinical significance
(1) Renal function assessment: Urine routine indicators such as specific gravity, protein, creatinine, etc. can evaluate the glomerular filtration and tubular absorption, secretion, and excretion functions of water, electrolytes, metabolites, and proteins.
(2) Diagnosis of urinary tract infection: Urinary tract infection can be preliminarily judged based on indicators such as pH value and white blood cells, and the pathogen and treatment plan can be further determined based on drug sensitivity testing and bacterial culture.
(3) Metabolic disease detection: Glucose, ketone bodies, urobilinogen and other indicators in urine routine tests can detect metabolic diseases such as glucose metabolism disorders, lipid metabolism disorders, bilirubin metabolism disorders, etc.
(4) Identification of kidney stones: Urine routine indicators can exclude stones caused by certain factors, such as uric acid and oxalate stones.
(5) Monitoring treatment effectiveness: Urine routine examination can evaluate treatment effectiveness and disease development through dynamic monitoring of indicators.
In short, urine routine examination is a common and important urine testing method that can help doctors detect abnormal conditions in patients in a timely manner. Other tests are also needed for the diagnosis of diseases.