Colorectal cancer is one of the digestive tract tumors with a high incidence rate in clinical practice, and recent clinical data shows that the disease has been on the rise year by year, gradually becoming one of the high-risk malignant tumors in China. In addition, colorectal cancer has a very high incidence and mortality rate in clinical practice. Moreover, there are more male patients than female patients with colorectal cancer, and the incidence rate is higher in the southern population than in the northern population. Clinical data shows that the incidence rate of this disease is becoming increasingly younger. The diagnosis rate of early colorectal cancer in China is relatively low, with 20% of patients already having metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer patients are key to reducing their mortality rate. So how to conduct early screening for colorectal cancer patients?
Firstly, screen the target population. The target population of colorectal cancer mainly includes all individuals with symptoms such as black stool, bloody stools, anemia, and weight loss, as well as those over 50 years old who have no warning symptoms of colorectal cancer. The high-risk population for colorectal cancer mainly includes: individuals with positive fecal occult blood test results; Individuals with a history of intestinal adenoma disease in the past; Individuals who have changed their bowel habits; First degree relatives with a history of colorectal cancer disease; I have a history of cancer. Anyone who meets any of the above conditions is considered a high-risk population for colorectal cancer; Individuals with any two of the following symptoms are also considered high-risk for colorectal cancer: chronic diarrhea, mucous bloody stools, chronic constipation, chronic appendicitis, chronic cholecystitis, history of appendectomy, history of cholecystectomy, long-term mental depression, etc.
Secondly, screening methods. Firstly, screen for early symptoms. By observing whether the patient has early symptoms, it can be determined whether it is colorectal cancer. At the initial stage of colorectal cancer, there may be changes in bowel habits, and patients may experience symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation, incomplete bowel movements, and a feeling of anal heaviness; At the same time, patients may experience rectal bleeding, which is initially similar to hemorrhoid bleeding. Colorectal cancer patients have clear precancerous lesions, and in order to effectively reduce the probability of cancer, patients need to pay more attention to and prevent it. Secondly, rectal examination is the most convenient and efficient method for diagnosing colorectal cancer. Most colorectal cancer patients can be detected through digital rectal examination, which can determine the size, shape, location, and depth of infiltration of the tumor lesion. This examination method is also relatively simple, mainly by wearing a clean finger cots that have been disinfected, then massaging the edge of the anus, and entering the vat for examination after the anus is relaxed. Generally, the examination is performed twice, and after the examination is completed, observe whether there is mucus and blood on the finger cots. Some people can also undergo self testing if they don't want to go to the hospital, but self testing may lead to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis due to a lack of understanding of the specific process. It is safer to go to a hospital doctor for examination. Again, detect colorectal cancer through fecal occult blood testing. Fecal occult blood testing is a clinical screening method for colorectal cancer, characterized by its speed and simplicity. However, when using this method for examination, it is recommended to perform three consecutive fecal occult blood tests to ensure the accuracy of the diagnostic results. Finally, confirm whether it is colorectal cancer through colonoscopy examination. Colonoscopy examination methods include colonoscopy, anoscopy, and sigmoidoscopy, which can examine the entire colon of patients and are currently commonly used clinical examination methods. Usually, before patients undergo colonoscopy, doctors will ask them for basic information in detail, such as whether they have a genetic history, whether they have undergone digital examinations, and whether their stool symptoms are normal. If patients have early symptoms, doctors will recommend colonoscopy. Colonoscopy examination can clearly and intuitively observe the condition of the intestine, and can extract suspected pathological tissue for pathological examination under direct visualization, which is helpful for the detection and diagnosis of early colorectal cancer and micro colorectal cancer.
Colorectal cancer, as one of the malignant tumors that threaten human health, early diagnosis and timely treatment have a positive impact on reducing mortality rate in clinical practice.