There are many types of spinal surgery, mainly including minimally invasive and open surgery. Surgical treatment can be performed for some lumbar fractures, disc herniation, spinal tuberculosis, and scoliosis. Minimally invasive surgeries mainly include: vertebral augmentation, radiofrequency ablation, endoscopic nucleus pulposus removal, percutaneous pedicle screw fixation, and so on. Open surgery mainly includes: open reduction and internal fixation, laminectomy, open decompression and internal fixation, etc.
1. Postoperative ground movement time
The spine can be divided into five parts from top to bottom, namely cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and caudal vertebrae. Cervical spine surgery is also divided into different surgical methods, which can be performed from the front or from the back. Regardless of the method used, the postoperative procedure involves extubation on the third day and grounding on the fourth day. If it is a minimally invasive surgery, the tube can be removed on the second day and the ground can be lowered on the third day. If it is thoracic surgery, most of them will be performed on the fourth day after surgery. If minimally invasive lumbar surgery is performed, the patient can basically be discharged on the second day. If conventional open surgery is performed, it will also be on the fourth day. It is recommended that patients consult the surgeon and clarify the time to get out of bed under the guidance of the doctor.
2、 Post spinal surgery anti infection prevention
2.1 In order to avoid infection after spinal surgery, maintain airway patency, and prevent lung infection. It is recommended to change the bed position every five hours or so to avoid compressing the wound and causing pressure ulcers on the skin. After surgery, antibiotics should be administered intravenously for about a week to prevent infection.
2.2 The daily diet after surgery should be light and avoid spicy and stimulating foods, which are not conducive to wound recovery and may cause wound infection.
2.3 Avoid contact with raw water after surgery, clean the wound under the guidance of a doctor, and disinfect it with iodine.
3、 How to conduct correct rehabilitation training after spinal surgery
On the first day after surgery, the supine position should be the main position, and regular turning should be performed with the assistance of nursing staff, rotating between supine and lateral positions; Start limb muscle contraction exercises, such as clenching fists, loosening fists, etc; Start the straight leg lifting exercise when the pain is tolerable. On the second day after surgery, the patient began lung function training. One to two days after surgery, patients are prone to bloating and consume liquid food, which requires enhanced nutritional support in the gastrointestinal tract. On the 3rd to 6th day after surgery, strengthen physical exercise in bed. After 1 to 2 weeks of surgery, the main focus is on bed rest, with training on getting out of bed and standing up after wearing braces. From 2 to 12 weeks after surgery, bed rest should be the main method, and braces should be worn to get out of bed and move around; Gradually adapt to walking, to prevent the displacement and breakage of internal fixtures, maintain correct sitting posture, avoid driving, and avoid household and sports activities. In addition, rehabilitation training can be carried out after spinal surgery, such as axis turning and frequent turning, active and passive limb muscle training, to prevent muscle atrophy caused by bed rest. Active and passive exercise of the upper and lower limbs can also reduce the formation of venous thrombosis and prevent complications of pulmonary embolism. Early timed and fixed-point turning can prevent bedsores. In addition, back patting and expectoration are necessary to prevent the occurrence of pneumoconiosis, and passive active limb joints can be used to prevent joint stiffness and the formation of venous thrombosis during the recovery process.
In summary, after spinal surgery, strict adherence to medical advice is necessary to prevent postoperative infections. At the same time, moderate physical exercise should be carried out under lifelong guidance to strive for early recovery.