Peritoneal dialysis is generally suitable for patients with kidney disease and is an important method of renal replacement therapy. So what is peritoneal dialysis and how do peritoneal dialysis patients need care? Below we will introduce them one by one.
1、 What is peritoneal dialysis?
Peritoneal dialysis is a method of using the peritoneum as a semi permeable membrane for exchange, helping patients eliminate excess water and metabolic waste from the body, thereby maintaining a stable internal environment. It is a method of kidney dialysis, mainly used to treat uremia and late stage chronic kidney failure, to eliminate toxic substances in the body, and is known as one of the three alternative treatments for uremia along with hemodialysis and kidney transplantation. For patients with uremia, the accumulation of water and toxins in the body can lead to a series of adverse symptoms, so dialysis treatment is needed. The most common types of dialysis are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Peritoneal dialysis uses the peritoneum as a semi permeable membrane. First, a tube is buried in the stomach to put the peritoneal dialysis fluid in, which is kept for 3-4 hours before being released. This can help patients eliminate excess water and metabolic waste from the body. Thus improving the patient's condition and quality of life, and prolonging their lifespan.
2、 Nursing of peritoneal dialysis patients
1. Arrange for patients to undergo regular blood dialysis, three times a week, for about 4 hours each time. After sufficient dialysis, toxins and metabolites can be completely eliminated, and clinical symptoms can be improved. During the interval of dialysis, try not to gain more than two kilograms of weight as much as possible. At the same time, observe whether the patient has swelling, palpitations, chest tightness, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and other symptoms. If there are any abnormalities, notify the doctor in a timely manner.
2. In terms of diet, control the intake of salt and water, especially reduce and prohibit the intake of phosphorus containing and potassium containing foods, to avoid life-threatening hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, etc. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen a high-quality protein diet, which includes meat, eggs, dairy products, soybeans, etc. Patients should strictly limit their water intake. When the water intake is well controlled, it can reduce the pressure on the kidneys and provide better protection for the peritoneum.
3. For patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, the care of the peritoneal dialysis tube is quite important. It should be kept clean and dry, without redness, swelling, heat or pain. It should be disinfected and cleaned every 2 to 3 days, wiped with iodine and physiological saline inside the tube. Avoid pulling to prevent infection and bleeding. If bleeding is found, strengthen nursing care to avoid further bleeding. At the same time, it is necessary to replace the external short pipe every six months.
4. Engage in appropriate outdoor exercise to enhance the body's resistance, reduce infection or minimize the occurrence of infection. Patients who take care of themselves are recommended to participate in normal work and life, encourage them to dance, do exercises, and walk well, but pay attention to acting within their means and moderation.
Summary: Peritoneal dialysis patients should avoid fatigue, avoid exposure to nephrotoxic drugs or substances, adopt a healthy lifestyle, such as quitting smoking, moderate exercise, emotional control, and a reasonable diet. After the clinical symptoms improve, the activity level should be gradually increased, and bed rest should be taken during the acute phase. People with normal kidney function do not need to limit their protein intake, while those with azoospermia should limit their protein intake and focus on high-quality animal protein. I believe everyone can take good care of peritoneal dialysis.