Acute myocardial infarction is a serious cardiovascular disease and a potentially life-threatening acute condition that requires timely diagnosis and emergency treatment. The following are the diagnosis and some emergency treatment measures for acute myocardial infarction.
1、 Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction
1. Symptom assessment: The typical symptom of acute myocardial infarction is severe chest pain, often accompanied by difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, cold sweat, etc. However, some patients may not have obvious symptoms, especially the elderly, diabetes patients and other special groups, so it is necessary to carefully inquire about the medical history.
2. Signs: Signs of acute myocardial infarction include increased heart rate, elevated or decreased blood pressure, abnormal heart sounds, etc. Doctors need to carefully examine the patient's heart and lungs to look for possible abnormal signs.
3. Electrocardiogram characteristics: Pathological Q waves appear in the corresponding leads of the lesion site, and the ST segment is arched upwards. Various arrhythmias can occur, with ventricular arrhythmias being the most common. The doctor needs to perform an electrocardiogram examination on the patient and compare it with a normal electrocardiogram.
4. Blood test: Blood test can help confirm the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. The preferred blood test for acute myocardial infarction is serum myocardial necrosis markers. The commonly used examination items include the determination of myocardial markers (such as troponin, creatine kinase, etc.), which increase after the occurrence of myocardial infarction.
5. Imaging examinations: Imaging examinations such as echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can detect segmental ventricular motion abnormalities, provide more detailed information on cardiac structure and function, and help determine the scope and severity of myocardial infarction.
6. Coronary angiography: Coronary angiography is the standard for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction and determining treatment plans. Coronary angiography can observe whether there is blockage or stenosis in the coronary arteries.
2、 Emergency treatment for acute myocardial infarction
1. Call the emergency hotline: If the patient is suspected of having an acute myocardial infarction, call 120 as soon as possible and contact the hospital's emergency center as soon as possible. Please ask the doctor to come quickly for rescue or send the patient to the hospital for treatment, and seek professional medical assistance.
2. Keep the patient quiet: Let the patient rest in a peaceful state, and do not speak loudly to people around them. Keep the patient quiet enough.
3. Limit patient activity: Immediately have the patient lie flat, do not turn over, and raise their feet slightly. It is best not to move the patient to avoid increasing their tension and heart burden, which could endanger their life.
4. Oxygen supply: Oxygen can be given immediately in households with conditions. Due to the increased myocardial oxygen consumption in patients, which manifests as varying degrees of myocardial hypoxia, oxygen therapy can not only provide oxygen demand to the myocardium.
5. Use emergency medication: Patients with acute myocardial infarction experience precordial pain accompanied by a sense of impending death. Failure to relieve pain in a timely manner can exacerbate myocardial ischemia. If the patient has emergency medication prescribed by a doctor (such as nitroglycerin), they can be given according to the doctor's instructions.
6. Avoid giving food and liquids: Before emergency personnel arrive, try to avoid giving food or liquids to patients to prevent suffocation or the possibility of emergency surgery.
7. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: If the patient's heart suddenly stops beating while waiting for the ambulance, immediate on-site cardiopulmonary resuscitation, chest compressions, and artificial respiration should be performed until the doctor arrives, which can effectively save the life.
8. Safe transportation: After the doctor arrives at the scene and provides initial on-site emergency treatment to the patient, they should be transferred to the hospital for further treatment as soon as possible. Arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death during transportation can seriously endanger the patient's life Therefore, safe transportation is extremely important.
The key to preventing acute myocardial infarction is prevention. One should choose a low salt, low-fat, and light diet in daily life; Smoking cessation and alcohol restriction; Develop appropriate exercise habits; Monitor indicators such as blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose, weight, etc; Maintain a regular daily routine, avoid staying up late, experiencing emotional tension and overexertion, in order to reduce the burden on the heart. The specific treatment method should be based on the guidance of the doctor and the specific situation of the patient. If you or others experience symptoms of acute myocardial infarction, please seek medical attention immediately or call the emergency number.