With the increasing development of the economy and the improvement of people's living standards, there is a lack of knowledge and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The incidence of coronary heart disease is becoming younger and more common. At the same time, with the continuous improvement of medical technology, emergency PCI intervention and thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction can effectively reduce and lower the mortality rate of patients. So the rehabilitation care for these patients with acute myocardial infarction in the later stage is very important, which determines their quality of life and quality of life.
1. Dietary care
Due to the association between myocardial infarction and diet, there is a certain relationship with high blood lipids, blood pressure, and blood sugar. For example, overeating can lead to elevated blood sugar, increased vascular viscosity, and slower blood flow; Eating a full meal at the same time can increase blood flow to the abdomen, leading to a decrease in blood flow. Therefore, dietary management is the most fundamental aspect. Eat small meals frequently, with each meal being 80% full. Avoiding overeating is the first thing to pay attention to in diet; Eat less high-fat, high salt, and high cholesterol foods, such as visceral organs, egg yolks, fried foods, fatty meat, etc; Eat less high carbon foods and pair them with coarse and fine grains for better results; Eat more vegetables and fruits, and eat less or avoid stimulating foods such as caffeine.
2. Exercise cardiac rehabilitation nursing
For patients with myocardial infarction, moderate intensity exercise is the main form of rehabilitation exercise. Avoid excessive heart rate changes caused by vigorous exercise, which can lead to excessive heart load. After one month of treatment, necrotic myocardium begins to recover, and exercise can accelerate myocardial repair at this time.
Moderate intensity aerobic exercise with equal amounts is the core of cardiac rehabilitation, and its safety and benefits have been preliminarily recognized. It can not only improve the blood supply and elasticity of the coronary arteries, but also gradually enhance the relative adaptability of cardiac function, reducing the mortality rate of patients by about 20% to 30%. Cardiac rehabilitation is individualized and graded according to the patient's own health status, physical condition, external environment, activity intensity, and degree of danger. Sports that maintain a heart rate of 50% to 60% of the maximum heart rate (maximum heart rate=220- age (beats/minute)) are common, such as walking, swimming, cycling, jogging, and Tai Chi. Before exercising, it is important to warm up thoroughly. If discomfort such as chest tightness occurs during exercise, stop immediately. After exercise, pay attention to keeping warm and replenishing energy. Maintain a frequency of exercise at least three times a week, with each session lasting at least half an hour.
3 Lifestyle Care
Developing a good lifestyle has a positive effect on restoring normal heart function. A good lifestyle includes quitting smoking and alcohol, maintaining a normal weight, maintaining a positive attitude towards failure, reducing competition, and ensuring sufficient and good sleep. Medication care generally focuses on reducing coronary artery blockage, antiplatelet therapy, and nourishing myocardial drugs, and medication should be taken under the guidance of a physician. Do not reduce, stop, or change medication on your own to avoid adverse consequences. If there is discomfort in the chest, it is necessary to go to the hospital for examination in a timely manner and have regular follow-up visits to adjust the treatment plan.
After emergency rescue and timely standardized treatment, patients with acute myocardial infarction should receive cardiac rehabilitation nursing, which should have good adaptability, including professional nursing, physiological needs, and psychological nursing; And provide health education to patients to control risk factors. In order to maintain good prognosis and ensure a good quality of life.