Next, let's talk about rheumatism. Rheumatism is a type of disease that seriously affects people's daily lives. This article will provide a brief introduction to the concept of rheumatism, hoping that everyone can understand rheumatism through this article.
What causes rheumatism?
There are many classifications of rheumatic diseases, and the etiology and pathogenesis of different rheumatic diseases are not completely the same. At present, the main factors considered for rheumatic diseases are genetic, environmental, endocrine, infectious, and immune responses. However, for the vast majority of rheumatic diseases, the etiology is not yet fully understood.
1. Genetic factors: Genetic factors play a significant role in many connective tissue diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. These diseases have a certain genetic tendency, and often are not inherited by a single gene, but by some susceptible genes called susceptibility genes, leading to immune abnormalities in the body.
2. Environmental factors: For example, daily exposure to radiation, ultraviolet radiation, chemical reagents, etc., may all be environmental factors that induce diseases. Due to these external factors, the activation and expression of susceptibility genes for certain diseases can lead to damage to the body, resulting in the occurrence of diseases. For example, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation can cause abnormal expression of certain genes in the body, leading to immune dysfunction and ultimately resulting in systemic lupus erythematosus.
3. Endocrine factors: Changes in hormone levels in the body may also cause rheumatic diseases. The imbalance of estrogen and progesterone is related to the occurrence of various rheumatic diseases.
4. Infectious factors: For example, bacterial infection, fungal infection, as well as mycoplasma and chlamydia infection, can directly or indirectly trigger or initiate immune responses, such as infectious reactive arthritis.
5. Immune response: Patients can often detect the presence of antibodies during examinations, causing varying degrees of damage or destruction to various tissues and organs.
Symptoms and manifestations of rheumatism
The symptoms of rheumatism are diverse. Rheumatism is a general term for a large class of diseases, including arthritis diseases, including vasculitis diseases, but also diffuse connective tissue diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, etc. Therefore, the clinical manifestations are diverse, including swelling and pain of joints, as well as manifestations of skin mucosa, including skin rashes, oral ulcers, hair loss, and rashes on the body after exposure to the sun. For example, patients with kidney involvement may have increased foam in urine, or patients with tubulointerstitium involvement may have increased nocturnal urine. There may also be symptoms of the lungs, mainly coughing, phlegm, wheezing, and hemoptysis. In addition, if there is heart involvement, it can manifest as chest tightness, palpitations, and so on. So the performance can be diverse.
The symptoms of rheumatic diseases are as follows:
1. Persistent joint pain, which can manifest as large joint pain, small joint pain, and even joint swelling.
2. Recurrent oral ulcers are not easy to cure.
3. Long term fever of unknown cause.
4. Feeling muscle pain and weakness.
5. Dry mouth, dry eyes, and dry nose.
6. Repeated swelling of the parotid gland.
7. Chronic lower back pain, especially aggravated after rest.
8. Fingers appear noticeably white and purple when exposed to cold water, especially when exposed to cold water in the morning.
9. Unexplained thrombocytopenia and anemia.
10. Proteinuria.
11. Repeated occurrence of eye inflammation.
12. Unexplained arteriovenous thrombosis, rash, and skin rupture.
Nursing measures for rheumatic diseases
The main nursing measures for rheumatic diseases are as follows:
1. Skin care: mainly sunscreen, do not expose to direct sunlight, especially for facial rashes, avoid direct sunlight exposure. Do not apply irritating cosmetics, do not dye hair, perm hair, or get tattoos to avoid toxic substances causing skin allergies and worsening the condition. Also pay attention to personal oral hygiene, such as frequently rinsing with diluted salt water and washing the perineum.
2. Joint care: Generally, it is required that the joints are in a functional position and not deformed. During the acute phase, if the joints are red, swollen, hot, or painful, they should be braked and relieved before kneading and exercising. Some diseases advocate for more activity during the remission period, such as rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, but osteoarthritis is a degenerative change that should be controlled as much as possible and exercise is not recommended.
Conclusion
The above are some tips on rheumatism. We hope everyone can understand these knowledge, detect and treat them early, and recover soon. We hope this article can be helpful to everyone.