The mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases in China remains high, accounting for over 40% of the total deaths caused by diseases among residents. In recent years, an extremely dangerous cardiovascular disease has shown a high incidence trend, affecting patients of all ages, mainly middle-aged and young people, with extremely high mortality. This is aortic dissection, known as the "ticking time bomb" of the human body. So, what is aortic dissection and what are the prevention and treatment methods for aortic dissection? Below, the editor will explain it to everyone.
1、 What is aortic dissection?
Aortic dissection refers to a critical condition in which blood in the lumen of the aorta enters the middle layer of the arterial wall through an intimal tear, forming a hematoma and expanding along the long axis of the blood vessel, resulting in pathological changes in the true and false lumen of the artery. It can quickly lead to death.
2、 The treatment of aortic dissection
The treatment of aortic dissection should be determined according to the specific condition of the patient. Aortic dissection requires effective control of blood pressure and maintenance of blood pressure stability. Patients with surgical indications should undergo surgical treatment. Severe cases can cause aortic dissection rupture, endangering the patient's life.
1. Drug therapy
Control blood pressure at 10-16kPa (75-120mmHg). Effectively control blood pressure and maintain blood pressure stability. Intravenous application of antihypertensive drugs, such as sodium nitroprusside or nitroglycerin; Metoprolol or Captopril can also be taken orally.
Propranolol can be used to reduce myocardial contractility.
Analgesia: For patients with low blood pressure and obvious pain, intravenous injection of morphine can be used; If severe pain is accompanied by shock, intravenous or blood transfusion should be given to correct shock and maintain blood volume.
2. Surgical treatment
Different types of aortic dissection usually require different surgical treatment methods.
Stanford type A aortic dissection
exceptionally dangerous, prone to critical conditions such as aortic rupture and cardiac tamponade, often accompanied by aortic valve insufficiency. Once discovered, active open surgical treatment should be performed.
Stanford type B aortic dissection
The degree of danger is relatively low, and drug treatment is the basic treatment method for such patients. Some complex or special types of Stanford type B aortic dissection require minimally invasive surgical treatment, and most of these types of dissections are suitable for endovascular intervention treatment.
3、 Prevention of aortic dissection
Aortic dissection is a critical cardiovascular disease with a high mortality rate, but it can be prevented and controlled. The key is to remove high-risk factors.
Suggestions for friends to do the following in daily life:
1. Pay attention to monitoring blood pressure
Try to avoid factors such as excessive emotions, staying up late, overwork, etc. that may cause sudden blood pressure rise in daily life, and try to maintain smooth bowel movements. Hypertensive patients should actively monitor their heart rate, pulse, blood pressure and other data on their own, cooperate with doctors' advice, and control them within a reasonable range.
2. Prevention and treatment of arteriosclerosis
Actively improve lifestyle, control calorie intake, pay attention to reasonable intake of vegetables and fruits, and also pay attention to regular exercise.
3. Avoid sudden exertion
Elderly friends with arteriosclerosis should try to avoid sudden movements such as large twisting and stretching of the upper body in daily life.
4. Try to avoid external injuries as much as possible, such as car accidents and falls, which may cause extensive tearing of the aortic intima in the injured area and distant areas, resulting in one or more aortic dissections.
5. Pay attention to regular physical examinations. People with hypertension, frequent staying up late, high psychological pressure, and long-term smoking and drinking habits should pay special attention to chest X-ray examination and ultrasound during physical examinations. If there are any abnormalities, seek medical attention in a timely manner and do not be careless. Cardiac ultrasound and X-ray plain film can help detect aortic dissection early, and enhanced CT and MRI can make a clear diagnosis.
In summary, aortic dissection is a critical cardiovascular disease that threatens life and health, and is currently one of the most complex and dangerous cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we need to proficiently master the relevant treatment knowledge and emergency measures for aortic dissection, timely provide effective treatment and prevention measures to patients, and improve their prognosis.