Blood routine examination is one of the commonly used auxiliary examination methods for doctors to diagnose diseases. It detects and analyzes the tangible components in the blood, namely red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, which is of great help in understanding the degree of disease development.
The blood routine examination includes the following aspects: firstly, checking the parameters of cells, including the average level of red blood cells, red blood cell distribution density, hematocrit, and so on. Secondly, check the white blood cell count, including the number of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and so on. Thirdly, check platelets, including average platelet volume, platelet pressure, and so on. Fourth, check hemoglobin, including the content of hemoglobin, red blood cells, and the average concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
For a blood routine report, the first thing to know is what items are included in the report and the reference range for each item. The report will display the reference range for the indicators and compare it to determine if the indicators are normal. Divide blood routine indicators into three parts: white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
1、 White blood cell index
White blood cells are the main defense line for the body to resist pathogenic microorganisms and other foreign substances, and they are the soldiers who protect our blood. The white blood cells in peripheral blood of the human body include neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes.
1. Clinical significance of elevated neutrophils: It often indicates acute bacterial infection, stress state of the body, acute poisoning, malignant tumors, leukemia, etc. The clinical significance of neutropenia: certain gram-negative bacterial infections, aplastic anemia, chronic physical injury, autoimmune diseases, etc.
2. Clinical significance of elevated eosinophils: hypersensitivity reactions, parasitic infections, certain endocrine disorders, etc. The clinical significance of eosinophilia: typhoid fever, major surgery, etc.
3. Clinical significance of elevated eosinophils: chronic myeloid leukemia, allergic diseases, and bone marrow fibrosis.
4. Clinical significance of elevated lymphocytes: generally indicating infectious diseases caused by viral or certain bacterial infections. Clinical significance of lymphocyte depletion: immunodeficiency diseases, drug therapy, autoimmune diseases.
5. Clinical significance of elevated monocytes: It often indicates immune related diseases or chronic infections.
2、 Red blood cells and hemoglobin indicators
Red blood cells are the transporters in the blood, responsible for transporting oxygen to various organs in the body. Red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration are commonly used indicators to determine anemia. If hemoglobin is high, the patient may have hematological disorders; If hemoglobin is low, it is necessary to check whether the patient's anemia is of a type with large or small red blood cells.
3、 Platelet indicators
Clinical significance of elevated platelets: commonly seen in infections, trauma, female menstrual periods, etc. Significant elevation should alert to chronic myeloid leukemia, primary thrombocytosis, acute suppurative infections, tumors, etc.
The clinical significance of thrombocytopenia: dysgenesis: acute leukemia, aplastic anemia, bone marrow tumors, radiation damage; Excessive damage: idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, splenic hyperfunction, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc; Excessive consumption: DIC, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, etc.
The above are the very important indicators in the blood routine report. Do you know all of these indicators? We can easily determine whether we are healthy by mastering these indicators as early as possible.