The heart is one of the important organs for maintaining normal life in the body. Once there is a problem with the heart, it will threaten our health. Among various types of heart diseases, myocardial infarction is a common one, abbreviated as myocardial infarction. Once the disease occurs, timely treatment is crucial. If the optimal treatment time is missed, the mortality rate will be higher. It is important for everyone to understand the common knowledge about myocardial infarction. The following points are crucial!
1. What is myocardial infarction? Also known as myocardial infarction, it is a disease caused by stenosis or occlusion of the coronary arteries in the heart, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the myocardium and necrosis of myocardial cells. Myocardial infarction is usually caused by the formation of blood clots. When blood clots block blood flow in the coronary arteries, the myocardium slowly necrotizes due to hypoxia. The symptoms of myocardial infarction include chest pain, tightness, shortness of breath, fatigue, nausea, sweating, etc., but not all may occur, and some people may have no symptoms or only mild symptoms.
2. Treatment of myocardial infarction
2.1 Acute phase treatment
After experiencing symptoms of myocardial infarction, emergency calls should be made immediately. Early use of antiplatelet drugs and thrombolytic therapy can quickly restore myocardial blood flow and save myocardial tissue; At the same time, pain management should be emphasized, and painkillers and pain relief treatments should be given to alleviate symptoms such as chest pain.
2.2 Conventional Treatment
Drug therapy for myocardial infarction mainly includes the following: (1) Antiplatelet therapy, which can use drugs such as aspirin and clopidogrel to reduce the risk of thrombosis by inhibiting platelet aggregation. (2) Anticoagulant therapy can use anticoagulants such as warfarin and low molecular weight heparin to prevent thrombus formation or accelerate thrombus dissolution. (3) Beta blockers can reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, stabilize the nervous system, reduce the occurrence of complications such as ventricular arrhythmia, and improve prognosis. Medications include metoprolol. （4）ACEI， Plays a role in dilating blood vessels and reducing cardiac load, such as benazepril. It should be noted that the use of these drugs has certain indications and contraindications, and must be used reasonably and effectively based on the guidance of doctors and individual characteristics to achieve the best therapeutic effect. Meanwhile, drug therapy is only a part of comprehensive treatment and cannot replace other treatment methods such as interventional therapy.
2.3 Surgical treatment
Suitable for patients with severe coronary artery stenosis or occlusion, or patients who have failed thrombolytic therapy. Coronary intervention surgery, also known as angioplasty, involves placing a stent in the coronary artery to dilate the narrowed vessel and restore blood flow. Interventional surgery is minimally invasive and can be performed under local anesthesia. The surgery time is short and the recovery is fast. This method is one of the important means of treating acute myocardial infarction. Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery can also be performed, but it needs to be done under thoracotomy. The principle of surgery is to reconstruct the blood supply channel and perform coronary artery bypass grafting using partial surface veins or arteries to bypass blocked blood vessels and restore blood supply to the myocardium. This method is suitable for patients with more severe conditions, longer onset time, or more coronary artery lesions. Surgery requires a long period of recovery, but it can effectively alleviate the sequelae of myocardial infarction and improve cardiac function.
In short, myocardial infarction is a serious cardiovascular disease that requires timely, effective, and comprehensive treatment. At the same time, the importance of disease prevention and rehabilitation cannot be ignored.