For patients with chronic kidney disease, appropriate intake of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and some necessary basic knowledge are beneficial for controlling the condition and complications. Today, I will talk about the basic knowledge that kidney disease patients must know.
1、 What is chronic kidney disease: The official definition of chronic kidney disease is: regardless of the cause, there is evidence of kidney damage (usually persistent proteinuria) or renal dysfunction (defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate below 60ml/min/1.73m2) for more than 3 months.
As an adult, it is necessary to have blood tests (estimating glomerular filtration rate), urine tests (urine protein, urine albumin), imaging (ultrasound, etc.), and relevant examination results indicating evidence of persistent kidney damage before diagnosing chronic kidney disease.
2、 What is the cause of chronic kidney disease? Chronic kidney disease is caused by multiple factors such as genes, immune regulation, endocrine system, and environment.
Because of its strong compensatory ability, kidney disease is difficult to detect early. Many kidney disease patients only seek medical attention when symptoms such as severe fatigue, nausea and vomiting, and oliguria that significantly affect their daily lives appear. Upon examination, they are diagnosed with kidney failure and uremia. Prior to this, kidney disease has actually existed for a long time.
Moreover, compared with chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, the sense of shame and anxiety of kidney disease is much stronger. In addition, various misunderstandings of the public about kidney disease make it difficult for patients to speak to people around them.
3、 What are the high-risk groups for chronic kidney disease: 1. High blood pressure, don't forget to check your kidneys; Don't forget to check your kidneys if your blood sugar is high; Repeated gout, don't forget to check your kidneys; Obesity, don't forget to check your kidneys; Don't forget to check your kidneys if you have a long-term history of medication; Don't forget to check your kidneys if you are over 60 years old; If a relative in the family has a history of kidney failure, don't forget to check their kidneys.
2. The eyes and lower limbs are swollen, there are a lot of foam in the urine, the urine is red, and there is always no energy. These may be signals from kidney disease. Don't forget to check the kidney.
3. For ordinary people, if they want to screen for kidney problems, there are two basic screening items: urine routine (morning urine) and kidney function (fasting blood draw). 4. For high-risk kidney disease patients, more sensitive screening can be added: urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio (urine protein creatinine ratio). 5. If urine test shows hematuria or proteinuria abnormalities, and blood test shows abnormal blood creatinine, they should go to the nephrology department! Don't neglect the inspection!
4、 What is the prognosis of chronic kidney disease? Kidney disease is a big concept that includes many different types of kidney damage. Early diagnosis and treatment of kidney problems should be done with proper examination, and don't be discouraged!
Through reasonable follow-up treatment, most early kidney disease patients will not develop uremia and can work, study, get married, and have children like ordinary people.
Don't adjust medication without authorization, communicate more with the attending physician!
5、 What to pay attention to in daily life for chronic kidney disease:
1. A high salt diet can increase edema, proteinuria, and hypertension. Eating less salt (usually 3-6g salt per day is recommended) can greatly reduce the burden on the kidneys.
Soy sauce, chicken essence, and monosodium glutamate also contain salt. Adding these seasonings reduces the salt content accordingly. Use more natural ingredients such as onions, ginger, garlic, and chili peppers for seasoning, and use less salt based seasonings.
2. Poor sleep quality, with less than 5 hours of sleep per night, is more prone to proteinuria and accelerates kidney function decline. Therefore, maintaining sufficient high-quality sleep every day can greatly reduce the burden on the kidneys.
Quitting smoking can greatly reduce the burden on the kidneys.
Moderate exercise and fewer infections can greatly reduce the burden on the kidneys. Recommend kidney friends to exercise 3-5 times a week and 30-60 minutes a day. Get moving, my friends!
Therefore, we cannot assume that without symptoms, there is no kidney disease and we can relax our vigilance. This is extremely dangerous. If you are suspected of having kidney disease during a health check, such as hematuria or proteinuria detected during a urine test, even if there are no symptoms, you should go to the nephrology department for early diagnosis and treatment.