Stroke, commonly known as stroke, is an acute cerebrovascular disease caused by sudden rupture or blockage of blood vessels in the brain, resulting in damage to brain tissue. Stroke is characterized by high incidence rate, high disability rate and high mortality. Every year, millions of people around the world lose their ability to take care of themselves due to this disease, which brings great trouble to patients and their families. Therefore, understanding the prevention, identification, and emergency methods of stroke is crucial.
1、 Prevention of stroke
1. Control blood pressure
Hypertension is one of the main causes of stroke. Therefore, controlling blood pressure is an important measure to prevent stroke. Patients should undergo regular blood pressure monitoring and follow the doctor's advice for medication treatment and lifestyle adjustments to maintain blood pressure within the normal range.
2. Control blood lipids
High cholesterol is also one of the risk factors for stroke. Therefore, controlling blood lipids is also an important measure to prevent stroke. Patients should eat less high cholesterol foods, more vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, and follow the doctor's advice for medication treatment and lifestyle adjustments to maintain blood lipids within the normal range.
3. Quit smoking
Smoking is one of the risk factors for stroke. Therefore, quitting smoking is an important measure to prevent stroke. Smoking not only causes vascular damage and arteriosclerosis, but also increases blood viscosity and increases the risk of thrombosis. Quitting smoking can greatly reduce the risk of stroke.
4. Reasonable diet
Reasonable diet is also an important measure to prevent stroke. Patients should eat less high-fat, high calorie, high salt, high sugar, and high cholesterol foods, and eat more vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and protein rich foods to maintain a balanced nutrition.
5. Moderate exercise
Moderate exercise is also an important measure to prevent stroke. Exercise can promote blood circulation and metabolism, reduce stress and anxiety, and enhance the body's immunity. Patients should engage in at least 150 minutes of aerobic exercise per week, such as brisk walking, jogging, swimming, etc.
2、 The identification of stroke
"Stroke 120" and "BEFAST" mnemonics are strategies suitable for the public to quickly identify stroke and take immediate action.
1. "Stroke 120" mnemonic:
"1" represents: seeing an asymmetrical face;
'2' represents: whether there is unilateral weakness in both arms;
'0' represents: listening to whether the speech is clear or not.
If any symptoms suddenly occur, it is highly likely to be a stroke, and you should immediately call the emergency number 120.
2. "BEFAST" mnemonic:
"B" - Balance refers to the loss of balance, coordination ability, and sudden difficulty walking;
E "- Eyes refers to the eyes, sudden changes in vision, and difficulty seeing objects;
F "- Face refers to the face, which is asymmetrical and has crooked corners;
A "- Arms refers to the arm, which suddenly feels weak or numb, usually appearing on one side of the body;
S "- Speech refers to language, speaking vaguely and unable to understand others' language;
T "- Time refers to time. The above symptoms indicate the possibility of stroke. Please do not wait for the symptoms to disappear on their own. Call 120 immediately for medical assistance.
3、 First aid for stroke
1. Immediately call the emergency hotline: If the patient suddenly experiences symptoms of stroke, they should immediately call the emergency hotline 120 and request professional medical personnel for treatment.
2. Stay calm: During the wait for the ambulance, family members should remain calm and not panic.
3. Avoid self medication: Stroke patients should not self medicate before seeking medical attention to avoid worsening the condition.
4. Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed: Keeping the respiratory tract unobstructed is one of the important measures for emergency treatment of stroke. To avoid suffocation caused by vomit or secretions, turn the patient's head to one side. Unfasten the collar and belt, and maintain smooth breathing.
5. Keep the patient quiet: Try to keep the patient quiet as much as possible. The patient should lie flat as much as possible and immediately lie flat with their head high and feet low to reduce head pressure.
6. Avoid transporting and moving patients: Avoiding transporting and moving patients is also an important measure for stroke emergency treatment. If the patient needs to move or transport, it should be operated by professional medical staff, and attention should be paid to keeping the patient's head stable and avoiding vibration.
7. Transportation precautions: During transportation, try to maintain stability and avoid bumps to reduce the risk of movement for stroke patients.
8. Emergency treatment: Upon arrival at the hospital, follow the instructions of medical staff for relevant examinations and treatment.
In summary, the prevention, identification, and emergency measures for stroke are of great significance in reducing mortality and disability rates. By controlling risk factors, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, identifying symptoms in a timely manner, and taking correct emergency measures, we can strive for more survival and rehabilitation opportunities for stroke patients.