1、 After kidney transplantation, attention should be paid to the following aspects:
1. Medication treatment: After kidney transplantation, it is important to adhere to medication. Immunosuppressants need to be taken for a fixed period of time and should not be taken casually. Follow the methods taught by the doctor to maintain stable drug concentration. Do not self adjust or stop medication to avoid rejection reactions after transplantation.
2. Regular check ups: Regular laboratory tests are necessary because some early changes may not be noticeable and require examination and testing to detect them. In addition to routine blood, urine, and biochemical tests, regular chest CT scans, abdominal ultrasound scans, and cardiac ultrasound scans are also required to prevent long-term complications; Because with age and prolonged use of immunosuppressants, chronic damage to other parts and organs may occur, and even tumors may appear. So for the first 3 months after kidney transplantation, check ups should be conducted every two weeks. The re examination items include blood routine, urine routine, liver function, kidney function, color ultrasound, and concentration of immunosuppressants.
3. Pay attention to environmental ventilation and prevent fungal infections.
4. Try to avoid frequent visits to crowded public places.
5. Take good measures to keep warm, add or remove clothing in a timely manner, and avoid catching a cold.
6. Do some slow exercise appropriately to maintain an ideal weight.
2、 After kidney transplantation, the patient's body is relatively weak, and attention should be paid to dietary nutrition:
1. Protein: 1-3 weeks after kidney transplantation, high-quality high protein (animal protein such as fish, eggs, milk, poultry, lean meat, etc.) should be given. In animal protein, fish and poultry are also known as "white meat", which contains relatively less cholesterol and fat. It is recommended to consume them. Plant proteins such as peanuts and soybeans can increase the burden on the kidneys, so it is recommended to consume them in moderation.
2. Water: Kidney transplant patients should drink more than 2000 milliliters of water per day (equivalent to 3-4 bottles of mineral water). If oliguria occurs (urine output less than 400 milliliters per day), the daily water intake should be 500-750 milliliters (one and a half bottles of mineral water) plus the total urine output over 24 hours.
3. Salt: Except for the postoperative polyuria period, salt intake must be controlled, with low salt as the main intake. Generally, the daily salt intake should be 3-4 grams. If there is no edema or hypertension after 1-3 weeks, there is no need to strictly limit it, and it can be less than 6 grams per day.
4. Sugar: immune transplantation drugs may induce diabetes; Diabetes will not only affect the cardiovascular system, but also affect the function of transplanted kidney; Moreover, fruits are high in potassium, so they should generally not exceed 250 grams per day, especially for fruits with high sweetness, which should be controlled.
5. Calcium: The decline in kidney function itself can cause the absorption of calcium, which in the long run can lead to osteoporosis, manifested as lower back pain, joint pain, etc. Therefore, attention should be paid to calcium supplementation. The source of calcium can be dairy products, which not only have high content but also high absorption rate. However, it should be noted that the calcium supplement effect of Bone Soup is minimal, and its purine content is high, so it should be avoided as much as possible.
6. Carbohydrates: including grains, rice, and pasta. Due to the use of corticosteroids, cyclosporine, and other medications, excessive consumption of carbohydrates can lead to a surge in sugar levels, increasing the likelihood of rejection. The recommended carbohydrate intake is 150-250 grams per day. You can also increase fiber rich foods such as oatmeal appropriately.
7. Cholesterol: Patients after kidney transplantation should have a nutritious and light diet, avoid greasiness, and eat less animal organs. Use less animal fat and more vegetable fat.
3、 Immunosuppressants should be taken after kidney transplantation. Improper diet can cause damage to the transplanted kidney. The following aspects of diet should be noted: 1. Light diet should be the main focus, and spicy food should be avoided;
2. Immunosuppressants should be taken after kidney transplantation, and fruits such as grapefruit can increase the concentration of cyclosporine, which should be avoided in daily life;
3. Pay attention to food hygiene and avoid eating unclean, stale, raw, too cold, or overnight food.
4. Avoid consuming pickled, smoked, soy sauce products and high-fat foods such as fried foods and animal fat.
5. Do not consume foods or health supplements that enhance immune function, such as white fungus, black fungus, shiitake mushrooms, red dates, honey, ginseng, etc;
6. Pay attention to freshness and hygiene in diet, mix meat and vegetables with rich nutrition, and avoid overeating;
7. Avoid smoking and alcohol: Smoking and alcohol can damage blood vessels and be detrimental to kidney transplantation.