Gallstones refer to the formation of stones in the biliary system, which is a common disease of the digestive system. With the changes in people's lifestyles and the diversity of dietary structures, the incidence of gallstones has been increasing year by year, which has seriously affected people's daily lives. So, how to treat gallstones? Is symptomatic treatment more effective? Let's learn about it together next.
1、 Symptoms of gallstones
1. Abdominal pain. The typical symptom of gallstones is abdominal pain, mainly located in the upper right abdomen, and most patients experience intermittent colic. Mainly due to the fact that when stones are expelled, their bile is also expelled, which can easily get stuck in the lower segment of the common bile duct, causing irritation to the spasm of the common bile duct and leading to abdominal pain.
2. Gastrointestinal symptoms: When gallstones occur rapidly and abdominal pain occurs, patients may also experience nausea, vomiting, and other reactions, and the abdominal pain does not improve after vomiting. In addition, patients may also experience symptoms such as bloating and loss of appetite.
3. Patients with jaundice and gallstones may experience jaundice after severe abdominal pain, but some patients may have relatively mild symptoms. It mainly occurs in patients with gallstones and cholangitis, where the swollen gallbladder compresses the common bile duct, causing obstruction and infection symptoms. The infection can also damage the liver, leading to jaundice. The patient's main symptom is yellowing of the sclera in the eyes.
4. If the patient's condition worsens and triggers gangrenous cholecystitis or suppurative cholecystitis, they will experience symptoms such as high fever and chills.
2、 Surgical treatment
Cholecystectomy is currently the method of treating phenomena such as stone dissolution and fragmentation. With the improvement of medical technology, laparoscopic surgery is mainly used in clinical practice, which has the advantages of minimal trauma and simple surgical operation. However, this method has certain contraindications, including cirrhosis, portal hypertension, coagulation dysfunction, and cardiac dysfunction. However, cholecystectomy requires different treatment measures for patients with different symptoms.
If a patient has atrophic cholecystitis, the gallbladder needs to be cut open and the contents should be suctioned to completely remove the stone. The anterior wall of the gallbladder should be cut open and closed using a three character suture method, and the excess gallbladder wall should be cut off.
2. In Mirizzi syndrome, the gallbladder cannot be directly separated during surgery. It is necessary to first determine the location of the stone, cut open the common bile duct below the stone, and insert a metal control rod into the right hepatic duct as a guide from that location to suture the cystic duct, and then remove it.
3. The main method of resection for gallbladder fistula is to remove the fistula. The gallbladder should be removed along with the fistula opening, and the specific removal method needs to be selected based on the pathological changes in the gallbladder site. If the gallbladder fistula is caused by gallstones, the fistula opening needs to be trimmed to remove and suture it.
3、 Non surgical treatment
1. Post cholecystectomy syndrome Due to the different physical conditions of patients, some patients are prone to postoperative syndrome after undergoing surgical treatment, which can lead to colon cancer. The patient mainly presents with abdominal distension and pain, or worsening preoperative symptoms. So it is necessary to choose dissolution, excretion, fragmentation and other methods according to the actual situation of the patient, and provide anti-inflammatory, analgesic and other treatments during the attack.
2. Intrahepatic bile duct stones are mainly composed of bilirubin and calcium. Due to the particularity of the affected area, the liver needs to be incised during the surgical process. However, the surgical scale is large, the wound area is extensive, and it is difficult to remove completely, which can lead to recurrence after surgery. Therefore, surgical treatment is not recommended. Non surgical treatment measures can be carefully selected based on the actual situation of the patient.
In summary, gallstones are a very common disease that poses a significant threat to people's health. Therefore, patients with gallstones should seek medical attention in a timely manner, actively cooperate with doctors' treatment, and receive targeted treatment, which is also the key to improving prognosis.