Drugs refer to substances used for preventing, treating, and diagnosing human diseases, purposefully regulating human physiological functions, and specifying indications or functional indications, usage, and dosage. The quality characteristics of drugs include safety and efficacy.
1、 How to ensure the safety and effectiveness of drugs
1. Drug safety
(1) Judging from symptom manifestations. If discomfort occurs after medication and the symptoms are completely different from the disease manifestations, after excluding psychological and mental factors, the possibility of adverse drug reactions should be highly suspected. Except for those with special medical orders, timely cessation of medication and observation should be considered at this time. If the symptoms improve after stopping the medication, it can be basically judged as an adverse drug reaction, but do not use such drugs again in the short term.
(2) After medication, if there are obvious signs of worsening of the original disease symptoms, or initial relief followed by worsening of discomfort symptoms, this may be due to toxic reactions caused by excessive drug dosage or high drug concentrations in the body, such as phenytoin sodium, digoxin, etc. Patients should not view 'poisoning' as an uncontrolled condition and continue to increase the dosage.
(3) Judging from the time and dosage relationship between medication and the occurrence of discomfort symptoms. Some adverse reactions occur within seconds, minutes, or hours of medication, while others may have mild initial reactions that can be well tolerated. However, as the dosage increases, the discomfort worsens and may even be unbearable.
2. Drug effectiveness
The effectiveness of a drug refers to its ability to prevent, treat, diagnose human diseases, and purposefully regulate human physiological functions under specified indications, usage, and dosage conditions. Effectiveness is an inherent characteristic of drugs. The effectiveness of drugs in treating a certain disease is an important basis for the existence of drugs, and drugs without efficacy will inevitably be eliminated. The effectiveness of drugs is an important guarantee for their existence and application. If it is ineffective in preventing and treating diseases, it cannot be used as a medicine.
2、 Precautions for drug dispensing
Drug dispensing refers to the act of pharmaceutical professionals collecting and configuring drugs recorded in the approved prescription text in the pharmacy according to their names, dosage forms, specifications, quantities, etc. Carefully review prescriptions, accurately prepare drugs, correctly write medication bags or paste labels, and package; When delivering prescription drugs to patients, medication instructions and guidance should be provided to the patients.
1. Medication dispensing:
Try to provide outpatient medication consultation as much as possible; Check the consistency between the medication and the prescription one by one, check the specifications, dosage, and quantity, and sign; Verify the patient's name, preferably by asking the department where the patient is seeking medical attention to help confirm their identity; Explain to patients the method of taking each medication and special precautions, especially when there are two or more boxes of the same medication; When a formula error is found, the drug should be returned to the formulator and corrected in a timely manner; When dispensing medication, attention should be paid to respecting the patient's privacy;
2. Drug dispensing:
Sign or stamp after verification; Register account cards for valuable drugs and anesthetics separately; Carefully read the prescription and mix the drugs one by one according to their order; After preparing all the drugs in one prescription, prepare the next prescription to avoid errors; After the drugs are fully prepared, check the drug name, dosage form, specifications, quantity, and usage with the prescription one by one, and accurately and standardly write the labels; Label the outer packaging of each drug with instructions, dosage, storage conditions, etc; Attach prominent labels to drugs that require special storage to remind patients to pay attention;
3. Prescription review
Firstly, whether the qualifications of the prescribing physician comply with regulations, whether different drugs are written on prescribed prescription forms, and whether there are potential clinical drug interactions and compatibility contraindications; The implementation status of relevant regulations such as laws, regulations, medical insurance, and systems; Does the prescribing physician indicate the allergy test and result determination for drugs that are required to undergo a skin test; Dosage and usage; The consistency between prescription dosage and clinical diagnosis; Is there a phenomenon of repeated administration; Dosage form and administration route;
Drugs have preventive and therapeutic effects on human diseases, but they cannot revive the dead or save lives. More often than not, drugs only help increase immunity and alleviate symptoms on the basis of a person's own fight against diseases. Taking medication does not mean that symptoms will disappear, nor does it mean that discomfort will disappear. Medication, more importantly, slows down the progression of the disease. We must strictly follow medical advice and use medication reasonably.