Diabetes is a high incidence disease in clinic. diabetes brings huge harm to patients and may cause various complications. Women in pregnancy, once combined with diabetes, will have an irreversible impact on themselves and the fetus. Therefore, the treatment and nursing of diabetes during pregnancy are crucial.
If pregnancy diabetes is not controlled and nursed in time, it is likely to cause the following risk factors:. In addition, due to the dramatic increase in amniotic fluid, it may also affect the cardiovascular function of pregnant women.
2. Pregnancy hypertension: Pregnancy diabetes is extremely easy to cause pregnancy hypertension. According to relevant data, the probability of having pregnancy diabetes combined with pregnancy hypertension is 2-4 times that of normal pregnant women. When pregnancy hypertension is combined with pregnancy hypertension, pregnancy eclampsia is easily induced.
3. Infection: Compared with ordinary pregnant women, pregnant women with gestational diabetes have a higher probability of co infection. Infection will aggravate the metabolic disorder of diabetes and even induce acute complications such as ketoacidosis.
4. Increase the probability of fetal macrosomia: Pregnancy diabetes makes the mother in a high glucose state for a long time, which causes the fetus to increase protein and fat synthesis, inhibit lipolysis, and lead to the phenomenon of fetal body overgrowth causing macrosomia.
5. Easy to restrict fetal growth: High blood sugar in early pregnancy has a suppressive effect on embryonic development, which can lead to delayed embryonic development in early pregnancy.
Therefore, in order to avoid the above serious consequences, pregnant mothers with diabetes must take scientific measures to take self-care:
1. Diet care: diabetes during pregnancy is relatively loose in food intake, because it is necessary to ensure both the mother's daily needs and the growth and development of the fetus, as follows:
(1) Generally, the daily calorie intake in early pregnancy is 1500 calories, and the early staple food is 4-5 liang. Even if pregnancy vomiting is obvious, you should try to eat staple food;
(2) In the middle and late stages, a requirement of 1800 calories, which is 5-6 staple foods, will be required. If the mother is too thin or the fetal development is delayed, and the obstetrics and gynecology department considers insufficient calorie intake, it can be greater than 1800 calories;
(3) The main food can be eaten in small quantities and multiple meals, three times a day, or even 4-6 times a day. Allocate the large amount of main food reasonably, eat less at each meal, but eat a few more meals, so that the calorie intake is average and will not cause high postprandial blood sugar;
2、 Exercise nursing: If pregnant diabetes is not treated with drugs, it mainly depends on adjusting the lifestyle to control blood sugar. While reducing sugar intake, attention should be paid to proper exercise to increase consumption. Nowadays, many pregnant women worry about miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy and premature birth in the middle and late stages of pregnancy, so exercise seems to be a forbidden zone and they feel particularly scared. In fact, many exercises are suitable for patients with gestational diabetes, as long as the exercise intensity is appropriate. For example, fast walking, jogging or walking, cycling, and pregnant women's radio exercises are all suitable for patients with gestational diabetes.
2、 Medication care: Take extra care during pregnancy to prevent adverse effects on the fetus, especially oral drugs for diabetes, most of which are not suitable for pregnancy. Glibenclamide is currently the most mature oral hypoglycemic drug for treating GDM. The drug has a high molecular weight and cannot penetrate the placenta, so it has been proven to be safe during pregnancy and has no teratogenic effects on the fetus. Metformin is a safe and common oral hypoglycemic drug, which was previously considered unsuitable for use during pregnancy. However, in recent years, many clinical studies on the use of metformin in GDM patients have shown that metformin has good safety and efficacy during pregnancy. The widely recognized safe and most commonly used medication during pregnancy is insulin, which is an exogenous supplement to hormone preparations that the human body does not secrete enough. Therefore, it is safe and effective, and has no toxic side effects on the fetus. If blood sugar levels cannot be effectively controlled and regulated through lifestyle changes during pregnancy, it is still necessary to consult a prenatal examination doctor and, if necessary, cooperate with medication for treatment.
3、 Psychological care: Many expectant mothers are very nervous about pregnancy, and if they are found to have complications, they will be very scared and experience significant psychological pressure. This is also unnecessary. If pregnancy diabetes is detected early and properly controlled, it will not have a great impact on the mother and the baby, and the blood sugar of the postpartum pregnant mother will automatically fall back to normal. If it is serious, then cooperate with the doctor to actively treat, try to protect the fetus, and follow the guidance of prenatal examination experts.