Many people have been exposed to X-ray examinations such as CR, DR, chest X-ray, etc. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between ultraviolet and gamma rays. But do you know the scope of X-ray radiographic examination and what to pay attention to?
1、 Skull, limb bones, trunk bones, bone joints
Indications: bone trauma, developmental status, fractures, dislocation of bone joints, osteophyte formation, osteoarthritis, bone tumors, etc. The measurement of bone age in children generally chooses the left wrist bone in the upright position.
2、 Chest
(1) Chest posterior anterior position: used to observe the main lesions of the chest and for physical examination.
(2) Chest side view: used to observe the condition of chest lesions and determine the location of the lesions.
(3) Chest anterior posterior position (standing or supine): used to observe the chest condition of patients with spinal curvature and hunchback, or those who are seriously ill and unable to stand, when the lesion is located on the back.
(4) Posterior anterior position of the heart: used to observe the large blood vessels, morphology, and interrelationships of the heart, and to perform cardiac measurements.
(5) Left side view of the heart: used for left and right ventricles, aorta, and pulmonary arteries.
(6) Right anterior oblique position of the heart: used to observe the enlargement and dilation of the left atrium, pulmonary artery trunk, right atrium, and right ventricular funnel.
(7) Left anterior oblique position of the heart: used to observe the relationship between the heart and large blood vessels.
3、 Abdominal region
(1) supine anterior posterior position: used to observe the presence of stones, calcification, abdominal masses, and foreign bodies in the urinary tract or abdominal organs.
(2) Standing in front and back position: used to observe conditions such as intestinal obstruction, gastrointestinal perforation, and gastric ptosis.
(3) Lateral horizontal anterior posterior position: used to observe the condition of intestinal obstruction or free gas in the abdomen of the examinee who is seriously ill and unable to stand.
(4) Congenital anorectal inversion position: used to observe congenital anal atresia and predict the distance between the rectum and the anus.
(5) Posterior anterior position of bladder area: used for observing bladder stones, and can also be used for photography to determine the position of female intrauterine devices.
Precautions for X-ray examination:
1. During the examination, loose and unadorned cotton clothes should be worn, and no accessories, including ointments, should be worn. Women should remove their bras during chest X-ray examination to prevent the formation of false image interference.
Do not push open the door of the inspection room when the "inspection in progress" indicator light is on.
3. Patients who are pregnant, preparing for pregnancy, or breastfeeding should inform their doctors before the examination.
4. Perform gastrointestinal imaging examination, and start fasting, water and medication prohibition at 21:00 the night before the examination. On the morning of the examination, the patient should go to the imaging room on an empty stomach.
5. Precautions for chest photography: When lying down, the diaphragm should be moved up to avoid deformation of the heart and obstruction of the lungs. Routine photography should be done in a standing position, after taking a deep breath and holding the breath.
6. Precautions for abdominal photography: Except for acute abdomen, abdominal photography should be prepared to clean the intestines and eliminate the interference of intestinal gas.
7. Precautions for intravenous pyelography: Avoid gas producing foods such as beans, noodles, carbohydrates, etc. for two days before the angiography. Drinking senna leaves to clean the intestines the night before the imaging, and conducting an iodine allergy test before the imaging to defecate and urinate, leaving the intestines and bladder empty. Do not drink water within 12 hours before the imaging, and walk more to facilitate gas excretion.
8. Precautions for hysterosalpingography: Patients should abstain from sexual activity for 3-7 days after their menstrual period. Before surgery, check for any inflammation of the reproductive tract, vaginitis, cervicitis, etc. If there is any gynecological inflammation, it should be treated first. After the inflammation is controlled, fallopian tube imaging can be performed. The patient needs to empty the bladder before imaging. Ask if there is a history of iodine allergy and refrain from sexual activity for 2 weeks after the imaging procedure.