Recently, a friend asked me: "The doctor gave me an ultrasound puncture. What kind of examination is this? What preparations do I need to make? Will it hurt a lot?
Are you confused when you receive the puncture application form from the doctor? Don't worry, today we will take you to learn about ultrasound-guided puncture!
What is puncture?
When there is an unknown lump or fluid accumulation in your body, in addition to regular examinations, sometimes doctors may recommend a puncture to further clarify the cause.
Specific operation: Insert a very thin hollow needle into the body, take out a small part of the lump or fluid and make a specimen for analysis. Ultrasound guided puncture, with the assistance of an ultrasound doctor, first sees the mass clearly, and then directly penetrates the mass with a puncture needle to select the more diagnostic part for sampling. Therefore, ultrasound-guided puncture is more accurate and safe, and can significantly reduce the pain of patients in re sampling.
At present, ultrasound-guided puncture has been widely used for the diagnosis of breast masses, thyroid nodules, superficial lymph nodes, lymphatic cysts, and even liver, kidney, lung, pericardium, chest and other diseases. At the same time, methods such as inserting drainage tubes through puncture can also help alleviate pain and suffering.
Operation method of ultrasound-guided puncture
1. Surface positioning puncture method: completed by ultrasound physicians in collaboration with clinical physicians. Ultrasound physicians use ultrasound scanning to determine the puncture site, and then clinical physicians perform the puncture operation based on localization or ultrasound reports. Localization and puncture are often performed asynchronously, and clinical conditions are easily influenced by patient factors such as changes in the patient's condition and position.
2. Manual puncture method: Completed by the ultrasound interventional physician alone. Interventional ultrasound physician holds a needle in one hand and a probe in the other hand; Hand eye coordination, simultaneous scanning of the puncture target with both hands, and real-time puncture operation. The unconstrained manual puncture method requires a high level of technical proficiency from ultrasound interventional physicians, and the following principles should be followed during the operation: firstly, there should be safe and short distance puncture points and needle entry paths; Secondly, there is a clear ultrasound guided monitoring sound window.
3. Puncture frame guidance method: It is a method for achieving precise positioning and accurate puncture. This method is simple, easy, and safe; However, it is limited by factors such as needle insertion angle, position, and soft tissue resistance.
The advantages of ultrasound-guided puncture
Ultrasound guided puncture can effectively avoid unnecessary damage to important tissues and organs in the human body caused by "blind puncture", and the success rate of puncture is high. Its superiority lies in:
1. Easy operation, no pain, no radiation damage, patients can communicate with the operating doctor in a conscious state to cooperate with the puncture.
2. Rapid recovery after puncture without leaving scars; Some patients do not require hospitalization and can complete it in the outpatient department.
3. Obtaining high-quality ultrasound images is beneficial for selecting the ideal puncture path and finding the safest puncture path to avoid important organs and large blood vessels, thereby minimizing damage to human tissues and organs.
In short, as a safe, simple, effective, and economical diagnostic and treatment method. Ultrasound intervention has ushered in the era of minimally invasive medicine, playing an important role in clinical diagnosis and treatment, and is an integral part of precision medicine.
What do patients need to do before ultrasound-guided puncture?
1. Complete the appointment
Puncture is an invasive examination that forms a wound on the body. In order to better ensure patient safety and obtain high-quality specimens, patients need to complete coagulation function and infectious disease tests before puncture, and the results will be judged by the doctor to be correct before they can make an appointment at the ultrasound department.
2. Preparation for ultrasound-guided puncture
Generally, there is no need for special preparation for puncture of limbs and superficial organs (such as breast, thyroid, cervical lymph nodes, etc.). The puncture of the liver in the abdominal cavity generally requires not eating for 4-6 hours before the puncture (normal drinking of water is allowed). The puncture requirements for pancreatic and retroperitoneal masses are even more stringent, requiring fasting for 8-12 hours. Pelvic puncture generally does not require fasting, but overeating and emptying of urine are also necessary before the examination.
Pericardial puncture, thoracic puncture, lymphatic cyst puncture and other special site puncture catheterization can also be performed normally, but whether it can be performed in the end depends on re evaluating the amount of fluid accumulation and the safety of the puncture channel before the puncture. Therefore, scheduled punctures may sometimes be cancelled or expedited due to changes in the patient's condition. These adjustments are all made to better protect your body.
Women undergoing puncture examinations need to avoid the menstrual period, and patients with hypertension or heart disease need to take medication on time before proceeding to ensure stable blood pressure and heart rate.
3. Will the puncture hurt?
The needles used for puncture may vary depending on the location, but their common feature is that they are all very thin, especially for areas such as the thyroid and lymph nodes where fine needles are used. The needles used are as thin as hair strands, and most patients can tolerate them. Before the puncture, the doctor will perform surface anesthesia according to the situation, so there is no need to worry and maintain a stable mindset.