Aortic dissection (AD), also known as aortic dissection aneurysm, is a serious cardiovascular emergency caused by a rupture in the intima of the aortic wall, allowing blood to enter the middle layer of the arterial wall and form a dissection hematoma, which gradually extends and dissects the intima and media of the aorta. The aortic lumen at the site of the lesion is separated by an intimal flap into a true lumen and a false lumen. The true and false lumens can communicate or not communicate, and blood flow between them may form blood clots. If this disease is not treated and cared for in a timely and appropriate manner, the chance of endometrial rupture is very high, and the mortality rate is also very high. To prevent the disease from recurring after surgery, the following editor will introduce the postoperative care methods.
1、 Surgical options for aortic dissection
There are many surgical options for aortic dissection, mainly including minimally invasive surgery and traditional surgery, as follows:
1. For patients with type A aortic dissection, aortic arch and root re treatment is required. Commonly used surgical methods include Bentall surgery, Wheat surgery, ascending aorta transplantation, subtotal aortic arch transplantation, etc.
2. For patients with acute complex type B aortic dissection, thoracic aortic endovascular repair surgery can be performed, as well as direct vision stent elephant trunk surgery. For patients with chronic type B aortic dissection, if a thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm occurs, aortic repair and replacement surgery can be performed, and specific instructions should be followed carefully.
2、 Postoperative care for aortic dissection
Generally, postoperative care for patients with aortic dissection mainly includes psychological adjustment, lifestyle adjustment, regular follow-up, etc. The specific contents are as follows:
1. Psychological adjustment: Aortic dissection generally refers to the blood in the aortic cavity entering the aortic media from the tear of the aortic intima, causing the media to separate and expand along the long axis of the aorta, resulting in symptoms of aortic wall separation. Due to the long recovery period after surgery, it is usually necessary to maintain a good mentality and actively cooperate with treatment. It is generally necessary to timely understand the patient's needs and relieve their tension and anxiety, such as listening to music, chatting, and other good ways to relieve stress.
2. Lifestyle adjustment: Due to the large surgical incision and weak body, patients usually need to rest in bed and avoid excessive exercise to avoid worsening the condition. At the same time, patients should maintain a light diet and eat more high protein foods such as lean meat, soybeans, and milk to promote physical recovery. They can also eat more fresh fruits and vegetables appropriately to maintain a balanced nutrition and avoid spicy and stimulating foods to prevent wound infections.
4. Regular follow-up: After surgery, patients with aortic dissection should also regularly visit the vascular surgery department of the hospital for follow-up to keep track of their physical recovery. It should be noted that even if the postoperative recovery is good, the surgical site is still relatively fragile, so patients should be more vigilant and pay attention to their physical condition at all times.
Rapid progress, high misdiagnosis rate and mortality rate, is a rare and serious emergency in clinical practice. Nursing staff should have a full understanding of the characteristics of this disease, closely observe changes in the condition, proficiently master first aid and nursing procedures, and implement effective nursing measures in a timely manner, which is of great significance for improving patient prognosis.