Lao Sun is generally healthy, but he is a frequent smoker and has no dietary restrictions. He loves to eat high-fat and high cholesterol foods. This year, he has experienced pain in the upper right abdomen several times, which lasts for several days each time. Sometimes he even vomits. One day, Lao Sun fainted in the bathroom at home. His family took him to the hospital, where the doctor found a pulsating mass in the center of his abdomen. After examination, he was diagnosed with abdominal aortic aneurysm. The doctor carried out surgical treatment for Lao Sun, and the effect was good. Currently, Lao Sun has recovered and been discharged from the hospital. So, what are the other treatment methods for aortic aneurysm? The following article will take you to study together.
1. Medication therapy
(1) Statins: such as atorvastatin, lovastatin, etc., can reduce cholesterol levels and avoid arterial blockage.
(2) Angiotensin II receptor blockers, such as losartan, valsartan, etc., are recommended for patients with contraindications to beta blockers or if beta blockers cannot accurately control blood pressure.
(3) Beta receptor antagonists, such as propranolol, typically bind to beta receptors on the blood vessel wall, causing vasodilation. If the aortic wall of Marfan syndrome is dilated, taking this drug can control it.
(4) Tetracycline antibiotics, such as doxycycline or doxycycline, have good anti-inflammatory properties, but their safety and resistance have not been clinically proven, and it will still take some time for this drug to be widely promoted in clinical practice. For long-term users of abdominal aortic aneurysm, the price of this medication is moderate. Therefore, in the future, this medicine is expected to become the best treatment option for this disease.
2. Surgical treatment
(1) Compound surgery: refers to the fusion of surgical surgery, endovascular repair surgery, artificial blood vessels, and membrane stents for the correction and treatment of this disease.
(2) Traditional open surgery: suitable for both abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms. The former: suitable for tumors with a diameter of ≥ 5cm,<5cm, asymmetry, and rupture; For patients with severe pain, especially sudden and persistent abdominal pain, it can cause severe compression of the gastrointestinal and urinary systems, leading to obstruction and other symptoms, resulting in distal arterial embolism and concurrent infection. For patients with tumor rupture, inferior vena cava, and intestinal fistula formation, emergency surgery is recommended. The latter: After falling ill, there may be symptoms such as compression, rupture, and rupture wrapping. The diameter of the tumor is greater than 5cm; the diameter of the tumor increases by more than 1cm per year. In cases of pseudoaneurysm or aortic dissection, it is necessary to go to the hospital for treatment as soon as possible. This surgery is not suitable for patients with multiple important organ damage and poor tolerance. The surgical mortality rate is 5.1% -10.1%. Some patients may experience complications such as arrhythmia, insufficient coronary artery blood supply, and central nervous system after surgery. The 1-year and 5-year survival rates are 80% -90% and 60% -80%, respectively.
(3) Endovascular repair surgery: reduces intraoperative bleeding in patients, does not require blood transfusion during the surgical process, and has a shorter surgical time; This surgery causes minimal harm to the patient, with a faster postoperative recovery process, fewer postoperative complications, and no excessive contraindications. The treatment of descending aortic aneurysm, descending main segment pseudoaneurysm, and some aneurysms involving the arch has shown good results. The mortality rate of postoperative patients is 4.1% -6.2%.