Intraspinal anesthesia is a commonly used method of anesthesia, in which anesthetic drugs are injected through the epidural and subarachnoid spaces of the spinal canal to block the innervation of the spinal nerve roots in the corresponding areas, assisting surgery in the treatment of diseases. Nowadays, spinal anesthesia is highly regarded in lower limb surgery, cesarean section surgery, hemorrhoidectomy and other surgical types. Although the operation is relatively simple, the effect is fast, the safety is high, and the scope of application is wide, improper postoperative care may reduce the quality of postoperative recovery for patients.
In the case where postoperative lower limb sensory function has not yet returned to normal and activity is restricted, family members need to take good care of the patient's daily life. They can distract their attention by watching TV and listening to music to maintain a happy mood; Or gently massage the lower limbs to promote blood circulation. If the patient feels discomfort in the lower limbs, nursing staff must promptly report to the doctor, further investigate the cause, and provide targeted treatment.
It is not recommended to eat or drink water within 6 hours after spinal anesthesia surgery, as the effect of anesthesia drugs during surgery can inhibit gastrointestinal function and require a period of recovery after surgery. If a large amount of food and water is consumed at this time, it will actually increase the burden on the gastrointestinal tract. If the patient feels thirsty, nursing staff use a moist cotton swab to moisturize the patient's lips. After the operation, the patient is allowed to take a small amount of rice soup, vegetable soup, porridge and other light liquid food after the patient's anus is exhausted.
Spinal anesthesia has a certain impact on the bladder function of patients, so some patients need to have a urinary catheter left in place after surgery. Nursing staff must release urine in a timely manner during the patient's urinary catheter placement to prevent bladder swelling. Carefully observe and record the patient's postoperative urine volume, color, and nature in detail, and be alert to adverse reactions; After operation, urinary retention can be prevented by catheterization, abdominal hot compress and other measures. Thoroughly clean and disinfect the urinary catheter to prevent urinary tract infections. When lying flat, be careful not to compress the urinary catheter to ensure smooth drainage. Patients who are not accustomed to urinating in bed can be encouraged to urinate by changing their position.
After spinal anesthesia, the skin at the local puncture site must be fully protected, and the dressing covering the puncture site must be clean and hygienic. If any exudate or bleeding is found in the dressing, it should be replaced immediately; Iodine tincture can be used for local disinfection. If redness and swelling are found at the local puncture site, the skin temperature rises, and the patient complains of pain and discomfort, be alert to infection at the puncture site.
After 5 spinal anesthesia, continue low flow oxygen therapy. For patients using pain pumps, be sure to fix the pain pump catheter with adhesive tape. If the catheter slips, immediately adjust the back adhesive tape and remember not to handle it on your own.
Within 6 hours after spinal anesthesia, lie flat on the hospital bed and do not sleep on pillows, otherwise cerebrospinal fluid leakage may occur due to high position, increasing the risk of postoperative headache. The postoperative position cannot be changed arbitrarily, and must be changed under the guidance of medical advice. If the patient feels uncomfortable due to maintaining the same position for a long time, gentle massage can be given to prevent pressure injuries.
Carefully monitor the patient's blood pressure, heartbeat, respiration, and pulse oxygen after spinal anesthesia, and record them every half hour; The 24-hour electrocardiogram monitoring results after anesthesia indicate an increase in pulse rate and a decrease in blood pressure. It is necessary to contact a doctor for timely, rapid, and large-scale infusion to expand blood volume. If the patient vomits and feels nauseous, take medication according to the doctor's instructions to stop vomiting and relieve gastrointestinal reactions; If postoperative respiratory depression or hypotension is found in the patient, immediately notify the doctor for symptomatic treatment.
For patients who have difficulty breathing or weakened breathing after spinal anesthesia, it is recommended to assist with breathing and continue oxygen inhalation. For patients who are not fully conscious after surgery, tilt their head to one side and immediately remove foreign objects from their mouth and nose to ensure that they are clean and comfortable, so as not to affect their breathing.
After spinal anesthesia, patients must pay attention to safety protection during bed movement to prevent falls and falls. The amount and duration of activity should be gradually adjusted according to human factors.
In summary, postoperative nursing care for spinal anesthesia involves various aspects, and each operation affects the quality of patient recovery, which needs to be taken seriously.