Chronic hepatitis refers to liver necrosis and inflammation caused by different causes and lasting for at least 6 months, such as infection with hepatitis virus (hepatitis B B virus, hepatitis C virus), long-term drinking, taking hepatotoxic drugs, etc. In clinical practice, there may be corresponding symptoms, signs, and abnormal liver biochemical tests, or there may be no obvious clinical symptoms, only necrosis and inflammation of liver tissue. The course of the disease is fluctuating or continuous, and without appropriate treatment, some patients may progress to cirrhosis.
Hepatitis is a gastrointestinal infectious disease, and patients with chronic hepatitis have the hepatitis virus in their bodies. Therefore, by sharing dishes, razors, etc., the hepatitis virus can enter susceptible individuals through injection or non injection routes and be excreted through blood and other bodily fluids. The injection routes include blood transfusion and blood products, collective vaccination, drug injection, and acupuncture; Non injection routes include mother to child transmission, close contact in daily life, surgery, and blood contact. It can also be transmitted through surgical and dental instruments that have not been thoroughly disinfected, and can be excreted through semen and vaginal secretions. Therefore, sexual contact is also an important transmission route for hepatitis virus. Mosquitoes, bed bugs, and other blood sucking animals may also transmit hepatitis virus.
So, how should we prevent chronic hepatitis in our daily lives?
1、 Vaccination
Hepatitis B can be prevented by injecting the hepatitis B vaccine and producing hepatitis B surface antibodies. The higher the level of hepatitis B surface antibodies, the stronger the ability to protect the human body. Before administering the hepatitis B vaccine, it is necessary to check five types of liver function and hepatitis B. Hepatitis A can also be prevented by injecting the hepatitis A vaccine, while there are no effective vaccine prevention measures for hepatitis C.
2、 Cut off the source of infection
To avoid chronic hepatitis, the first step is to cut off the transmission route. If there are chronic hepatitis patients around, isolation is necessary, and personal items used by the patients need to be thoroughly disinfected, and there should be no too close contact with the patients. It is important to maintain personal hygiene, wash hands before meals, and avoid sharing utensils, razors, and dental equipment with others. Tea sets and utensils should be regularly disinfected, and hairdressing, puncture, tattoo, and beauty tools should also be strictly disinfected to prevent virus invasion.
3、 Preventing nosocomial infections
1. Medical staff should wear gloves when in contact with patients' blood and body fluids, and dialysis rooms should be strengthened in management and disinfection should be emphasized.
2. Disposable syringes, surgical instruments, probes, oral and facial instruments, and various endoscopes should be strictly disinfected.
3. Strictly implement the Blood Donation Law of the People's Republic of China, strengthen the management of blood transfusions and blood products, use more sensitive methods to strictly screen blood donors, and reduce blood borne transmission.
4. Strengthen the work of mother infant blockade, and prenatal examinations should include HBsAg, HBeAg, and hepatitis B core antibodies (anti HBc). Positive pregnant women need to have dedicated beds for delivery and strictly disinfect equipment. Pregnant women with positive HCVRNA should avoid amniocentesis, shorten delivery time as much as possible, ensure placental integrity, and reduce the chance of newborns coming into contact with maternal blood. Babies born to HBsAg positive mothers should be protected by both automatic and passive immunization methods after birth.
4、 Cut off sexual transmission
Individuals with multiple sexual partners or mixed sexual partners should undergo regular check ups. HBV and HCV infected individuals should use condoms during sexual intercourse during the period of positive virus replication.
5、 Adjusting diet
Patients with chronic hepatitis often have fatty liver and abnormal liver function, so they should pay attention to eating more vegetables, fruits, and high-quality protein, and follow a regular diet. Spicy and stimulating fried foods should be avoided, and a low salt and low-fat diet should be maintained. Smoking and drinking should be avoided. When liver injury occurs, digestive function will also be weakened. Eating too much can easily lead to indigestion and increase the burden on the liver. Therefore, it is best to eat 80% full. Overeating is also not conducive to liver and gastrointestinal function.
6、 Rational use of medication
It is important to strictly follow the doctor's advice when taking medication, and avoid unauthorized abuse of drugs to prevent some drugs from having liver toxicity. Long term use can cause liver cell damage.
7、 Moderate exercise
Due to the accelerated pace of life, many people neglect exercise, resulting in a decrease in their immune function and providing opportunities for certain diseases. Therefore, it is recommended to engage in moderate aerobic exercise in daily life, such as jogging, cycling, yoga, etc., to regulate immune function, control weight within a healthy range, and prevent fatty hepatitis.